Talk:Greeks/Archive 12

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Update

I have removed some older - hypothetical - claims in older sources which have been shown to be wrong in all aDNA studies which took place. The section written by Demetrios1993 about the genetics of Mycenaean Greece contains all aDNA publications and can be used to re-write relevant subsections.--Maleschreiber (talk) 23:20, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

• Based on older sources, the article reflected the claim that The Y-chromosome lineage E-V13 appears to have originated in Greece or the southern Balkans and is high in Greeks as well as in Albanians, southern Italians and southern Slavs. E-V13 is also found in Corsicans and Provencals, where an admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization, and is also found at low frequencies on the Anatolian mainland. These results suggest that E-V13 may trace the demographic and socio-cultural impact of Greek colonization in Mediterranean Europe, a contribution that appears to be considerably larger than that of a Neolithic pioneer colonization.

• In fact, this haplogroup hasn't been found in multiple studies which concern not only Neolithic but also EBA to LBA Greece. It's also nowhere to be found in the aDNA record of many areas which were strongly impacted by Greek colonization and it still hasn't been found in most areas of Europe, where it has a substantial presence today. The older authors who attributed its presence in areas like Provence to Greek colonization were hypothesizing such a presence, but it's absolutely not correct as shown in the aDNA record. Hence, Lazarides et al (2022) write:Haplogroup E-V13(476) is an important Southeast European Y-chromosomal lineage, well represented in present-day people of the Balkans.(467, 477-479) Its estimated TMRCA of 4,800 is most consistent with the inference that this represents a Bronze Age expansion(478) rather than Paleolithic/Neolithic expansions as previously proposed. In the ancient data it is only detected (in the Southern Arc) in the Iron Age with four examples at Kapitan Andreevo in Bulgaria (1100-500 BCE) and one from Sv Kriz in Croatia (I5724; 382-206 calBCE). These samples also belong to downstream clades E-Z1057 and E-CTS1273 (with a TRMCA of 4,500 years). Later examples are found in Late Antique and Medieval Spain(449) and Italy(436, 453), while we also find it in Hellenistic and Roman samples from Bulgaria and in a pair of brothers (500-700 CE) from Byzantine Nicaea in Turkey. Its absence in Bronze Age southeastern Europe (n 107) is in remarkable contrast with its ubiquity in the present day, leading us to hypothesize that either it did exist there prior to our sampling but in a specific region from which we have no samples or it arose elsewhere and migrated to southeastern Europe just prior to the earliest sampled individuals. The parent node of E-V13 is E-L618 which is called for an earlier sample from the Lengyel culture in Hungary which was ancestral for the V13 SNP (I1900 4797-4619 calBCE; E-L618(xE-BY64249,E-V13)) and which has an estimated TMRCA of 7,800 years BP. Thus, the evidence appears consistent with a scenario in which E-L618 Y-chromosomes entered Europe during the Neolithic and EV13 representing a remarkably successful lineage within this group that had not yet achieved prominence during the Bronze Age, but had begun to do so by the Iron Age.--Maleschreiber (talk) 23:26, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

Generally speaking, i don't object to your removals Maleschreiber. For example, the existing possibility that E-V13 formed in Greece/southern-Balkans during the Neolithic, doesn't really enhance the reader's understanding about downstream clades that are relevant to the ancestry of the Greeks. Likewise, nor is the mention of Y-DNA haplogroups J2 and E – supposedly indicating direct Early European Farmers' ancestry – particularly illuminating, without going into some detail about downstream clades with younger TMRCAs. However, we shouldn't dismiss King et al.'s (2011) conclusions simply due to the absence of relevant aDNA samples. Even Lazaridis et al. (2022) say that E-V13 lineages began to achieve prominence by the Iron Age (which is when the Greek colonization occurred), and one of their two suggestions is that it could have been present in BA southeastern Europe, but in a specific region from which we have no samples yet. It's also not true that we don't have any aDNA samples that could relate. For example, the more recent paper by Skourtanioti et al. (2023) includes an LBA sample that could turn out as E-V13; if it can be further analyzed. I am referring to XAN014, discovered in Chania (Crete), and dated to c. 1300–1250 BCE through its respective archaeological context. It was identified as E1b1b1a1b (using ISOGG's nomenclature) or E-Z1919, which is just upstream of E1b1b1a1b1 or E-L618. Then, there is also the study by Reitsema et al. (2022), focusing outside the "Southern Arc", on Himera in Sicily, where three samples from 480 BCE were identified as E-V13. Though, their backgrounds are somewhat complicated. Sample I17872 was identified as E1b1b1a1b1 or E-V13, and falls closest to populations from the Caucasus on the PCA. The other two samples, I10946 and I10950, form a single outlier group, and were identified as E1b1b1a1b1a15a~ or E-BY6357* and E1b1b1a1b1a6a~ or E-CTS6377*, respectively. On the PCA, they are intermediate between the main cluster of local Himerans and central European individuals; a differentiation also indicated by the relatively higher proportion of the Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG) component in ADMIXTURE (software). Valid models of ancestry consist of mixtures of one source related to central or eastern Mediterranean groups (Sicilian, Aegean, or Balkan) and one source related to central or western European groups (France, Spain, Czechia, or Hungary). I don't write all these because i am in favor of reinstating the content. Personally, i don't think E-V13 is an ideal marker for identifying Archaic Greek influence; without excluding it though. In my opinion, we should only include content that discusses Greeks from a broader perspective, without veering too much into relatively minor aspects (e.g. Greek ancestry of Provençale), that would make it more difficult for the reader to follow a topic that unavoidably includes technical jargon; we have the {{see also}} hatnote for that.

Regarding your suggestion to update and expand § Genetics, it's more complicated and time-consuming than the edits i made to Mycenaean Greece (diff1, diff2). Mycenaean Greeks aside, there are in fact additional aDNA studies that discuss Greeks, and there is more to add from studies that concern modern Greeks. Also, due to my limited time, i cannot currently work on a table that will present the Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroup frequencies for modern Greeks. By the way, are the results from FTDNA group projects reliable enough for inclusion, and are there any precedents of adding such data to Wikipedia articles? Or we must only use data from genetic studies? For now, i updated/rephrased the section by copying some content from Mycenaean Greece. I also had to remove the subsection heading Autosomal studies, since the preceding content also pertains to atDNA, while the content that follows also discusses Y-DNA and mtDNA. I didn't really work on the last paragraph, aside from some minor edits; namely, three better wikilinks and use of {{sub}}. Demetrios1993 (talk) 05:32, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

It's also not true that we don't have any aDNA samples that could relate We really don't. The exact subclade of E-L618 found in LBA Crete is E-BY6578 (a parallel branch to E-V13) which is very minor today. It is the only E-L618+ sample in many BA samples from Greece. There are 8 more such E-L618+ finds from Hungary, while the earliest E-L618 find in Europe comes from Neolithic Croatia. This small subclade doesn't have any sort of demographic significance anywhere. I10946 and I10950 in Himera, Sicily are an example which strongly indicates that E-V13 wasn't related to ancient Greek colonization because none of the local Greeks carried E-V13. Instead these two men were among the mercenaries whom the Himerans hired. Skourtanioti et al (2023) describe the two E-V13 mercenaries as We tested 1-, 2-, and 3-way models of the proximal sources Greece_Crete_BA, Greece_LBA, Sicily_LBA, Sicily_MBA, Balkan_IA, Italy_IA_Republic.SG, Spain_IA, Italy_IA_Republic_o.SG, Hungary_IA_Scythian.SG, Czech_HallstattBylany.SG, Sicily_IA, France_GrandEst_IA1.SG, France_GrandEst_IA2.SG and France_HautsDeFrance_IA2.SG (Table S11). Many 2-way models are feasible, even using the model competition approach, and in all of them Sicily_Himera_480BCE_2 derives at least half of its ancestry from a western European, central European or Balkan IA group The mercenaries included even people from the Baltic area. Thus, I10946 and I10950 were 2 mercenaries who went to Sicily from somewhere north of Greece and died there.--Maleschreiber (talk) 01:39, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

Thanks for the update regarding the subclade of XAN014. What's your source by the way? The only related source i found online is theytree.com, which has apparently confused the sample codes; it refers to XAN016, which the study lists as G2a2b2a or G-P303. The quote you shared concerning the samples I10946 and I10950, is actually from Reitsema et al. (2022), not Skourtanioti et al. (2023); it essentially reflects what i already shared above. Demetrios1993 (talk) 05:17, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

New Zealand figures

The source is not reliable. The numbers regarding estimation seem exaggerated and there are no other sources that support such estimations, at least that I could find. Rootcragsar (talk) 23:43, 18 March 2023 (UTC)

Incorrect population estimations.

The Second source ( Clogg 2013) as to the number of Greeks worldwide is unreliable, and within its composition states that the information it lists is unreliable. In addition, the figures for individual nations are erroneous and exaggerated, often different from what the source placed beside them posits.

I am not sure why Authors are trying to bloat the number of extant Greeks, but even if by only a few million, the inaccuracy erodes the trustworthiness of Wikipedia as a source of reliable information. Ed 21:56, 22 August 2023 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chronograph 1985 (talk • contribs)

Population estimations should be garnered from Greek government sources, Hellenic organizations and the CIA world factbook.

Revert of the etymology information

@Demetrios: I should note here that the comment in your revert of my edit adding the etymology of the English name to this article is not really valid. ‘Names’ section mentions the word ‘Greeks’ in some of its writing, but centres around endonyms, not exonyms, which is what ‘Etymology’ section was supposed to fix about the article. I don’t think that this information should be 1) so hidden away in this article, 2) inaccessible to readers. You could’ve tried merging two sections if you thought that this was clearly unacceptable. stjn 00:03, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

Apologies to Demetrios, meant to ping @Demetrios1993. stjn 00:04, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

@Stjn: In my edit summary i wrote that § Names "should definitely be rephrased or expanded with more information from Names of the Greeks", and that "the same section could also include information on the etymology of some important ethnonyms." I didn't say that your contribution was unacceptable; in fact, you can go ahead and reinstate it with a third fourth level heading under § Names, and also move the whole section further up if you deem it necessary. I only removed it because we already had a relevant section, and i thought it would be better for it to be considerably revised; including information about etymology, as well as variants that stem from Ionians, and medieval endonyms such as Rhomaioi or Romioi. Demetrios1993 (talk) 02:57, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

I think that the "Names" subsection already fits well into the "Identity" section. I agree with Demetrios that there could be an expansion of "Names" and I think the etymology that was added by @Stjn would in fact be fitting and helpful there. Piccco (talk) 21:53, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

Origins

Could somebody please unravel the reasons of the different "Views" cited for the different dates of greek origin? HJJHolm (talk) 11:21, 25 January 2024 (UTC)

The Greeks are NOT native to Europe.

Lazaridis, well-known Greek DNA researcher has demonstrated that the Greeks are natives of western Asia - Anatolia, to be more precise (Lazaridis et al. 2017, Lazaridis et al. 2014).

The claim that the Greeks are native to any of the regions mentioned in the text, other than Anatolia, is incorrect and it should be removed from the text. 181.58.39.98 (talk) 16:00, 18 March 2024 (UTC)