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R. I. Sujith
Sujith in his laboratory, 2023
Born
Sujith Raman Pillai Indusekharan Nair

(1967-05-11)11 May 1967
Thiruvananthapuram, India
NationalityIndian
Known forThermoacoustic instability and complex systems
TitleD. Srinivasan Institute Chair Professor
AwardsKeshav-Rangnath Excellence in Research Award (2016), Bhagya Lakshmi Krishna Iyengar Award (2015), J. C. Bose Patent Award (2013), Young Engineer Award (2002), HAL Prize (1988)
Academic background
Alma materGeorgia Institute of Technology Indian Institute of Technology Madras
ThesisBehavior of droplets in axial acoustic fields (1994)
Doctoral advisorBen T. Zinn
Academic work
InstitutionsIndian Institute of Technology Madras
Websitehttp://www.ae.iitm.ac.in/~sujith/


Sujith Raman Pillai Indusekharan Nair (popularly known as R. I. Sujith) is an Institute Professor and the D. Srinivasan Chair Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. In 2023, he was inducted as International Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.[1] He was selected as a Fellow of the Combustion Institute in 2022[2], and was awarded the Distinguished Fellowship of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration in 2021.[3] He received the J. C. Bose Fellowship in 2019[4] and the Swarnajayanti Fellowship in 2005 from the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India.[5] He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences[6], an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, and an Honorary Fellow of the Indian Society of Systems for Science and Engineering (ISSE). He has been awarded Hans Fischer Senior Fellowship from the Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Germany in 2010. He was awarded Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship[7] in 2001.

Early Life[edit]

Sujith was born on May 11th, 1967, in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. He completed his B. Tech. in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, where he received the HAL prize for securing First Rank in his Department. He earned his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering on "Behavior of Droplets in Axial Acoustic Fields" working with the legendary Ben T. Zinn at Georgia Institute of Technology, from 1990-1994 and graduating as the “Top Graduate Student from the College of Engineering”. Subsequently, he worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the same department from 1994-1995, where he worked in the area of combustion in microgravity and Laser Doppler Velocimetry. He then joined his alma mater, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, as a Lecturer in the Department of Aerospace Engineering. He has held visiting positions at the Georgia Institute of Technology, DLR Institute für Stromungsforschung Göttingen, Technical University of Munich, and Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research.

Current research[edit]

Sujith’s work is characterized by beautiful experiments, deep theoretical insight, and a constant connection to industrial applications. This rare combination has led to unexpected findings that transformed the subject of thermoacoustic instability. Some of his key discoveries are described below.

Intermittency route to oscillatory instability[edit]

Traditionally thermoacoustic instability is modelled as a transition from a fixed point to a limit cycle.[8] Instead, Sujith suggested that the low-amplitude aperiodic pressure fluctuations during the stable operation of the combustor (known as combustion noise in the community) are deterministic and have chaotic behaviour.[9][10] The transition from combustion noise to periodic oscillations happens via intermittency - a state composed of bursts of large-amplitude periodic oscillations, amidst regions of low-amplitude aperiodic fluctuations.[11] Sujith established that this intermittency route is a common feature of oscillatory instabilities in turbulent flow.

Oscillatory instability as loss of multifractality[edit]

Sujith showed that combustion noise displays scale invariance and has a multifractal signature that disappears at the onset of thermoacoustic instability.[12] Multifractality of combustion noise reflects the complex nature of the dynamics involved in combustion systems that arises due to the nonlinear interaction between combustion, turbulent flow and duct acoustics. Further, Sujith provided a multifractal description for lean blowout in combustors with turbulent flow, thus introducing a unified framework within which thermoacoustic instability and blowout can be described.[13] He identified universal scaling laws that characterize the transitions to oscillatory instabilities in widely different systems that are controlled by aeroacoustic, aeroelastic and turbulent flame processes.[14] He showed that the onset of oscillatory instabilities in turbulent systems is analogous to Bose–Einstein condensation transition observed for bosons, by defining phase space cycles as particles and the periodic orbits as energy levels.[15]

Complex Networks[edit]

He introduced complex networks in the study of thermoacoustics. He showed that the networks obtained from the time series of acoustic pressure fluctuations during the occurrence of combustion noise have a scale-free structure.[16] This scale-free nature disappears, and order emerges in the network topology during the transition from combustion noise to combustion instability. Sujith used complex networks to formalize the identification of the pattern during the transition from combustion noise to thermoacoustic instability, as a structural change in the topology of the network. He was also the first to identify the presence of hubs in complex reacting combustor flow fields that offer optimal locations for implementing control strategies using single layer and multilayer networks.[17]

These paradigm shifts that Sujith introduced enabled him to obtain precursor measures for detecting transitions, such as oscillatory instabilities or blowouts in turbulent systems. Sujith’s precursor technology has been demonstrated successfully in the GE Power & Water engine tests, and liquid rocket engines of ISRO. He has also worked with Siemens and Rolls Royce. Sujith’s approaches are applicable not just in thermoacoustics, but in any system where periodic oscillations emerge out of turbulent flow, such as aeroelastic and aeroacoustic systems.[18]

Chimera[edit]

He demonstrated that the stable operation of the combustor is characterized by desynchronized aperiodic oscillations of the acoustic field and the heat release rate, which, with an increase in the control parameter, transitions to synchronized periodic oscillations.[19] In between these states exist intermittent phase synchronized oscillations, wherein the two oscillators are synchronized during the periodic epochs and desynchronized during the aperiodic epochs of their oscillations.[20] Sujith’s spatiotemporal analysis showed that regions of synchronous and asynchronous motion co-exist during the state of intermittency in the reaction zone. Such a state is known as chimera state.[21] He is now intensifying the research on spatiotemporal analysis to understand the processes that occur as we approach impending instability. Sujith is translating this understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics to technologies for smart control strategies.

R-tipping and Amplitude Death[edit]

Sujith demonstrated R-tipping in thermoacoustic systems, deciphered its mechanism, and constructed a model.[22][23] His group is the first to show such a phenomenon experimentally in physics. Thus, in recent years, Sujith’s group has engineered a number of paradigm shifts that have transformed the subject of thermoacoustics. He established the perspective of dynamical systems theory and complex systems theory to thermoacoustics.[24] He provided the first experimental evidence of the coexistence of amplitude death and phase flip bifurcation in physical systems using experiments involving candle oscillators and Rijke tubes,[25][26] studied the synchronization route to weak chimera via quenching, clustering, and chimaera states in a system coupled candle-flame oscillators and investigated the susceptibility of minimal networks to a change in topology and number of oscillators.[27]

Interdisciplinarity[edit]

Sujith's research is based on in-depth transdisciplinary fundamental research that transcends the boundaries between engineering, mathematics and physics and has successfully been translated to technology development, providing practical solutions to difficult engineering problems. Transcending the traditional boundaries between engineering, physics and mathematics, he reformulated thermoacoustic instabilities as “order emerging from chaos through self-organization”, and has advocated this perspective through a monograph and review papers; this reformulation has attracted a large number of physicists, complex system theorists, and fluid mechanics researchers to this problem.

Sujith’s review artciles in Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,[28] The European Physical Journal Special Topics,[29] Physics of Fluids,[30] and Chaos[31] summarize his rapid strides in recent years. He was the editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics from 2009 to 2016. He is currently a member of the editorial advisory board member of Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science.

Students[edit]

  1. Ramanarayanan Balachandran
  2. Koushik Balasubramanian
  3. Sathesh Mariappan
  4. Priya Subramanian
  5. Gireeshkumaran Thampi
  6. Vishnu R. Unni
  7. Vineeth Nair
  8. Lipika Kabiraj
  9. Aditya Saurabh
  10. Samadhan A. Pawar
  11. Amitesh Roy
  12. Induja Pavithran
  13. Praveen Kasthuri

Honors and awards[edit]

  1. 2023 - Fellow of the United States National Academy of Engineering
  2. 2022 - Fellow of the Combustion Institute
  3. 2021 - Distinguished Fellowship of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration
  4. 2019 - J. C. Bose Fellowship from the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India
  5. 2018 - Institute Chair Professor at IIT Madras. (Chair named as D. Srinivasan Chair in 2020)
  6. 2017 - August Wilhelm Scheer Visiting Professorship at TU Munich
  7. 2017 - Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences
  8. 2010 - Hans Fischer Senior Fellowship from Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Germany
  9. 2010 - Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
  10. 2008 - Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
  11. 2005 - Swarnajayanti Fellowship from the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India
  12. 2002 - Young Engineer Award, Indian National Academy of Engineering
  13. 2000 - Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship

Publications[edit]

  • Tipping in complex systems under fast variations of parameters (2023)[32]
  • Rijke tube: A nonlinear oscillator (2022)[33]
  • Dynamical systems and complex systems theory to study unsteady combustion (2021)[34]
  • Thermoacoustic Instability: A Complex Systems Perspective (2021)[35]
  • Complex system approach to investigate and mitigate thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors (2020)[36]
  • Experimental Evidence of Amplitude Death and Phase-Flip Bifurcation between In-Phase and Anti-Phase Synchronization (2018)[37]
  • Sensitivity and Nonlinearity of Thermoacoustic Oscillations (2018)[38]
  • Non-normality and nonlinearity in thermoacoustic instabilities (2016)[39]
  • Combustion noise is scale-free: transition from scale-free to order at the onset of thermoacoustic instability (2015)[40]
  • Intermittency route to thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors (2014)[41]
  • Non-normality and nonlinearity in combustion–acoustic interaction in diffusion flames (2008)[42]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "IIT Madras professor elected to U.S. National Academy of Engineering". The Hindu. February 13, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023. ...Prof Sujith is the second Indian to be elected to the aerospace section of the Academy.
  2. ^ "2022 Class of Fellows". Retrieved September 5, 2023. For highly original applications of dynamical systems and complex systems theory to the analysis and control of thermoacoustic combustion instabilities.
  3. ^ U Tejonmayam (November 3, 2021). "IIT-Madras professor wins IIAV fellowship". The Times of India. Retrieved September 5, 2023. ...is awarded to individuals with distinguished careers in acoustics vibration.
  4. ^ "National Fellows". Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  5. ^ "SwarnaJayanti Fellowship Awards For the Year 2005-2006" (PDF). Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  6. ^ "Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences". Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  7. ^ "Alexander Von Humboldt Fellowship". Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  8. ^ Lieuwen, Tim C. (February 2002). "Experimental Investigation of Limit-Cycle Oscillations in an Unstable Gas Turbine Combustor". Journal of Propulsion and Power. 18 (1): 61–67. doi:10.2514/2.5898. ISSN 0748-4658.
  9. ^ Tony, J.; Gopalakrishnan, E. A.; Sreelekha, E.; Sujith, R. I. (2015-12-02). "Detecting deterministic nature of pressure measurements from a turbulent combustor". Physical Review E. 92 (6): 062902. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92f2902T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.062902. PMID 26764769.
  10. ^ Nair, Vineeth; Thampi, Gireehkumaran; Karuppusamy, Sulochana; Gopalan, Saravanan; Sujith, R. I. (December 2013). "Loss of Chaos in Combustion Noise as a Precursor of Impending Combustion Instability". International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics. 5 (4): 273–290. doi:10.1260/1756-8277.5.4.273.
  11. ^ Nair, Vineeth; Thampi, Gireeshkumaran; Sujith, R. I. (October 2014). "Intermittency route to thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 756: 470–487. Bibcode:2014JFM...756..470N. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.468. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 122023113.
  12. ^ Nair, Vineeth; Sujith, R. I. (May 2014). "Multifractality in combustion noise: predicting an impending combustion instability". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 747: 635–655. Bibcode:2014JFM...747..635N. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.171. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 124390563.
  13. ^ Unni, Vishnu R.; Sujith, R. I. (December 2015). "Multifractal characteristics of combustor dynamics close to lean blowout". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 784: 30–50. Bibcode:2015JFM...784...30U. doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.567. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 124731161.
  14. ^ Murugesan, Meenatchidevi; Sujith, R. I. (June 2015). "Combustion noise is scale-free: transition from scale-free to order at the onset of thermoacoustic instability". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 772: 225–245. Bibcode:2015JFM...772..225M. doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.215. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 124804329.
  15. ^ Tandon, Shruti; Sujith, R. I. (2021-04-01). "Condensation in the phase space and network topology during transition from chaos to order in turbulent thermoacoustic systems". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 31 (4): 043126. Bibcode:2021Chaos..31d3126T. doi:10.1063/5.0039229. ISSN 1054-1500. PMID 34251230. S2CID 234819616.
  16. ^ Murugesan, Meenatchidevi; Sujith, R. I. (June 2015). "Combustion noise is scale-free: transition from scale-free to order at the onset of thermoacoustic instability". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 772: 225–245. Bibcode:2015JFM...772..225M. doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.215. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 124804329.
  17. ^ Krishnan, Abin; Sujith, R. I.; Marwan, Norbert; Kurths, Jürgen (June 2021). "Suppression of thermoacoustic instability by targeting the hubs of the turbulent networks in a bluff body stabilized combustor". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 916: A20. Bibcode:2021JFM...916A..20K. doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.166. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 233215294.
  18. ^ Pavithran, Induja; Unni, Vishnu R.; Varghese, Alan J.; Premraj, D.; Sujith, R. I.; Vijayan, C.; Saha, Abhishek; Marwan, Norbert; Kurths, Jürgen (2020-10-15). "Universality in spectral condensation". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 17405. arXiv:2004.10585. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1017405P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73956-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7562908. PMID 33060639.
  19. ^ Pawar, Samadhan A.; Seshadri, Akshay; Unni, Vishnu R.; Sujith, R. I. (September 2017). "Thermoacoustic instability as mutual synchronization between the acoustic field of the confinement and turbulent reactive flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 827: 664–693. Bibcode:2017JFM...827..664P. doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.438. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 125491657.
  20. ^ Kasthuri, Praveen; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Gejji, Rohan; Anderson, William; Sujith, Raman I. (2022-06-01). "Coupled interaction between acoustics and unsteady flame dynamics during the transition to thermoacoustic instability in a multi-element rocket combustor". Combustion and Flame. 240: 112047. arXiv:2110.03736. Bibcode:2022CoFl..24012047K. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112047. ISSN 0010-2180. S2CID 238531726.
  21. ^ Mondal, Sirshendu; Unni, Vishnu R.; Sujith, R. I. (January 2017). "Onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors: an emergence of synchronized periodicity through formation of chimera-like states". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 811: 659–681. Bibcode:2017JFM...811..659M. doi:10.1017/jfm.2016.770. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 125934181.
  22. ^ Tony, J.; Subarna, S.; Syamkumar, K. S.; Sudha, G.; Akshay, S.; Gopalakrishnan, E. A.; Surovyatkina, E.; Sujith, R. I. (2017-07-14). "Experimental investigation on preconditioned rate induced tipping in a thermoacoustic system". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5414. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5414T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05814-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5511272. PMID 28710448.
  23. ^ Pavithran, Induja; Midhun, P. R.; Sujith, R. I. (2023-08-01). "Tipping in complex systems under fast variations of parameters". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 33 (8). arXiv:2209.06747. Bibcode:2023Chaos..33h1105P. doi:10.1063/5.0162503. ISSN 1054-1500. PMID 38060796. S2CID 252222536.
  24. ^ Sujith, R. I.; Unni, Vishnu R. (2021-01-01). "Dynamical systems and complex systems theory to study unsteady combustion". Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 38 (3): 3445–3462. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.081. ISSN 1540-7489. S2CID 224985552.
  25. ^ Manoj, Krishna; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Sujith, R. I. (2018-08-02). "Experimental Evidence of Amplitude Death and Phase-Flip Bifurcation between In-Phase and Anti-Phase Synchronization". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 11626. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811626M. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30026-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6072762. PMID 30072725.
  26. ^ Dange, Suraj; Manoj, Krishna; Banerjee, Subham; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Mondal, Sirshendu; Sujith, R. I. (2019-09-01). "Oscillation quenching and phase-flip bifurcation in coupled thermoacoustic systems". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 29 (9). Bibcode:2019Chaos..29i3135D. doi:10.1063/1.5114695. ISSN 1054-1500. PMID 31575137. S2CID 203639549.
  27. ^ Manoj, Krishna; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Sujith, R. I. (2021-02-08). "Experimental investigation on the susceptibility of minimal networks to a change in topology and number of oscillators". Physical Review E. 103 (2): 022207. arXiv:2009.04675. Bibcode:2021PhRvE.103b2207M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.103.022207. ISSN 2470-0045. PMID 33736040. S2CID 221586103.
  28. ^ Juniper, Matthew P.; Sujith, R. I. (5 January 2018). "Sensitivity and Nonlinearity of Thermoacoustic Oscillations". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 50 (1): 661–689. Bibcode:2018AnRFM..50..661J. doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045125.
  29. ^ Pavithran, Induja; Unni, Vishnu R.; Sujith, R. I. (1 October 2021). "Critical transitions and their early warning signals in thermoacoustic systems". The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 230 (16): 3411–3432. Bibcode:2021EPJST.230.3411P. doi:10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00214-w. ISSN 1951-6401.
  30. ^ Sujith, R. I.; Unni, Vishnu R. (1 June 2020). "Complex system approach to investigate and mitigate thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors". Physics of Fluids. 32 (6). Bibcode:2020PhFl...32f1401S. doi:10.1063/5.0003702.
  31. ^ Manoj, Krishna; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Kurths, Jürgen; Sujith, R. I. (1 July 2022). "Rijke tube: A nonlinear oscillator" (PDF). Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 32 (7). arXiv:2203.06351. Bibcode:2022Chaos..32g2101M. doi:10.1063/5.0091826. PMID 35907738.
  32. ^ Pavithran, Induja; Midhun, P. R.; Sujith, R. I. (1 August 2023). "Tipping in complex systems under fast variations of parameters". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 33 (8). arXiv:2209.06747. Bibcode:2023Chaos..33h1105P. doi:10.1063/5.0162503. PMID 38060796.
  33. ^ Manoj, Krishna; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Kurths, Jürgen; Sujith, R. I. (1 July 2022). "Rijke tube: A nonlinear oscillator" (PDF). Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 32 (7). arXiv:2203.06351. Bibcode:2022Chaos..32g2101M. doi:10.1063/5.0091826. PMID 35907738.
  34. ^ Sujith, R. I.; Unni, Vishnu R. (1 January 2021). "Dynamical systems and complex systems theory to study unsteady combustion". Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 38 (3): 3445–3462. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.081.
  35. ^ Sujith, R. I.; Pawar, Samadhan A. (2021). Thermoacoustic instability: a complex systems perspective. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-81135-8.
  36. ^ Sujith, R. I.; Unni, Vishnu R. (1 June 2020). "Complex system approach to investigate and mitigate thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors". Physics of Fluids. 32 (6). Bibcode:2020PhFl...32f1401S. doi:10.1063/5.0003702.
  37. ^ Manoj, Krishna; Pawar, Samadhan A.; Sujith, R. I. (2 August 2018). "Experimental Evidence of Amplitude Death and Phase-Flip Bifurcation between In-Phase and Anti-Phase Synchronization". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 11626. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811626M. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30026-3. PMC 6072762. PMID 30072725.
  38. ^ Juniper, Matthew P.; Sujith, R.I. (5 January 2018). "Sensitivity and Nonlinearity of Thermoacoustic Oscillations". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 50 (1): 661–689. Bibcode:2018AnRFM..50..661J. doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045125.
  39. ^ Sujith, Ri; Juniper, Mp; Schmid, Pj (June 2016). "Non-normality and nonlinearity in thermoacoustic instabilities". International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics. 8 (2): 119–146. doi:10.1177/1756827716651571.
  40. ^ Murugesan, Meenatchidevi; Sujith, R. I. (10 June 2015). "Combustion noise is scale-free: transition from scale-free to order at the onset of thermoacoustic instability". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 772: 225–245. Bibcode:2015JFM...772..225M. doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.215.
  41. ^ Nair, Vineeth; Thampi, Gireeshkumaran; Sujith, R. I. (10 October 2014). "Intermittency route to thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 756: 470–487. Bibcode:2014JFM...756..470N. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.468.
  42. ^ Balasubramanian, Koushik; Sujith, R. I. (10 January 2008). "Non-normality and nonlinearity in combustion–acoustic interaction in diffusion flames". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 594: 29–57. Bibcode:2008JFM...594...29B. doi:10.1017/S0022112007008737.
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