Draft:List of Jewish terms and concepts (Orthodox)
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This is a list of Jewish terms & concepts as it pertains to Orthodox Judaism. For a list of universal Jewish terms, see: List of Jewish terms & concepts (universal).
List[edit]
| Term | BH transliteration
approximation |
Description | Hebrew script |
|---|---|---|---|
| achar meah v'esrim/ve'esrim (va'esrim) | aḥar meâh w̠eʿeśrim | (lit. after 120 (years of age)) after death | אַחַר מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים |
| acharit/achris davar | aḥărith ḋâḇâr | final(izing) words (in a sefer); epilogue | אַחֲרִית דָּבָר |
| Acharon/achron//achroin/acharoin/ach'roin (pl. Achronim) | Aḥăron (pl. Aḥăronim) | (lit. the last; final) 1. Torah scholar & authority from roughly 16ᵗʰ century CE to present day 2. the last aliyah (see: aliyah¹) | אַחֲרוֹן \ אַחֲרוֹנִים |
| Acharon Acharon Chaviv/Ach'ron ach'ron chaviv (yeshivish: Ach'roin Ach'roin Choviv/ach'rn ach'rn choviv) | Aḥăron aḥăron ḥâḇiḇ | the last of the last is (the) most dear | אַחֲרוֹן אַחֲרוֹן חָבִיב |
| achay v'rei'oy/v'rey'oy/v're'oy | אַחַי וְרֵעָי | ||
| achdus/achdut | aḥduth/aḥḓuth/aḥḓuṱ | unity | אַחְדוּת |
| achrayus/achrayut | aḥărâyuth/aḥărâyuṱ | responsibility | אַחֲרָיוּת |
| Acharit/Acharis Hayamim (Achris Yamim) | Aḥărith Haẏâmim | End of Days | אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים |
| achsanya | akhsanyâʾ | (Aramaic) lodging, inn | אַכְסַנְיָא |
| achvah | aḥwâh | brotherhood | אַחְוָה |
| achzar/achzer | akhẓâr | cruel person | אַכְזָר |
| achzarius/achzariyut (chassidic: achzuri'es) | akhẓâriuth/akhẓâriuṱ | cruelty, aggressiveness | אַכְזָרִיוּת |
| Ad Chatzi HaMalchus/HaMalchut | ʿAd ḥaṣi haṁalkhut/haṁalkhuṱ | lit. "up to half the kingdom"; phrase used to highlight one's willingness to give or do a lot for a person; quote from the Book of Esther (5:3) | עַד חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת |
| ad d'lo yadah | |||
| ad k'dei kach | |||
| ad kan/kān | |||
| ad meah v'esrim/ve'esrim | ʿad/ʿaḓ meâh w̠eʿeśrim | (may you live) until 120 (years) | עַד מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים |
| Adam Gadol | |||
| Adam Harishon | Âḓâm Hâriʾshon | (lit. the first man) Adam, the first human | אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן |
| Aderabah/aderaba | |||
| Adnus/Adnut | ● Shem Adnus | ||
| Adonai/Adonay | Ăḓonây/Ăḓonâi/Ăḓonâj | My Lord (meaning: God) | אֲדֹנָי\אֲדוֹנָי |
| Afikoman/afikoman | Aphiqōmân/Ăphiqōmân/Ăphiqimon | piece of matzah that is broken and set aside during the seder meal, usually to be hidden by children and then found by the father later in the evening as part of a traditional game | אַפִיקוֹמָן\אֲפִיקוֹמָן\אֲפִיקִימוֹן |
| aggadata/agadata | aġaḏ'tâ/aġaḓetâ/aġâdâthâ | (Aramaic) (lit. legend, tale) story parts of the Talmud | אַגַּדְתָּא\אַגָּדָתָא |
| agmas nefesh/ogmas nefesh | |||
| agudah | ăguḋâh/ăguḍ̇âh | (lit. union) association | אֲגֻדָּה\אגודה |
| agunah | |||
| ahavah | ahăḇâh | love | אַהֲבָה |
| Ahavat/ahavas chinam | |||
| Ahavat Yisrael/Ahavas Yisroel | Áhăḇath/Aháḇath Yiśrâʾēl | love of Israel (meaning: Jewish people) | אַהֲבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| Akedah/Akeidah | ʿĂqēdâh | ʿĂqēḓâh | "the 'Akedah'" (lit. 'the binding') is a pivotal event described in the Torah where the patriarch Isaac is bound to an altar by his father Abraham on Mount Moriah, and almost sacrificed (to God) | עֲקֵידָה |
| aksh'n/akshen/akshn | |||
| Al Chet/Al-Chet/Al Cheit | |||
| Al tifrosh min hatzibbur | |||
| al yehareig ve'al ya'avor | al yēhârēg w̠eʾal yaʿăḇor | (lit. 'do not murder and do not pass') said when something is absolutely out of the question; ● "Al yehareig ve'al ya'avor, I won't do it"; I absolutely will not do it | אַל יֵהָרֵג וְאַל יַעֲבוֹר |
| alav hashalom (olov haShalom) | |||
| Aleph-beth/beis | Âleph-bēth/Âleph-bēṱ | the Hebrew alphabet | אָלֶף־בֵּית |
| aliyah ("ah‛leeyuh") (pl. aliyot/aliyos) | ʿăl̇iyâh | the honor of being called up to recite a blessing over the Torah scroll before a portion of the Torah is read aloud in the synagogue | עֲלִּיָה |
| aliyah² ("alee‛yah") | ʿăliẏâh | (lit. ascension) term used to describe the act of Jews "going up" to Israel (meaning: emigrating to Israel as part of their birthright) | עֲלִיָּה |
| Aliyah l'regel | |||
| alkolpanim (chassidic: alkolpunim) | ʿal-kol-pânim | (as an interjection) (lit. 'on every face') in any case; anyhow; anyway | עַל־כָּל־פָּנִים |
| alman ("alm'n") (pl. almanim) | almân (pl. almânim) | widower | אַלְמָן\אַלְמָנִים |
| almanah (chassidic: almune) (pl. almanot/almanos) | almânâh (pl. almânoth/almânoṱ) | widow | אַלְמָנָה\אַלְמָנוֹת |
| alos hashachar/alot hashahar | ʿăloth haṧâḥar/haṧaḥar | (lit.) rising of the dawn | עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר\עֲלֹות הַשַּׁחַר |
| alte bochur ("bucher") | |||
| Am ha'aretz (pl. 'amei ha'aretz/amei (ha')aratzos/t') | ʿam hâʾâreṣ | lit. 'people of the land'; the common folk/people (e.g. farmers, laborers etc.); in Rabbinic Judaism it refers to a specific type of Jew that is ignorant of religious rules/laws, as described in the Talmud | עַם הָאָרֶץ (עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ\עַמֵּי (הָ)אֲרָצוֹת) |
| amuritz/amuretz/amur'tz (pl. 'ameratzim') | ― | (yid., derog.) person that is ignorant of religious matters; from the Hebrew 'Am Ha'aretz' (עַם הָאָרֶץ) | אַמ-אָרעץ\אַמאָרעץ |
| Am hanivchar/hamuvchar | ʿAm haṅiḇḥâr | ʿAm hamuḇḥâr | the chosen people/nation | עַם הַנִּבְחָר\עַם הַמוּבְחָר |
| Am Yisrael | ʿAm Yiśrâʾēl | lit. nation/people of Israel (meaning: the Jewish people) | עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| amah (pl. amot/amos) | aṁâh | cubit | אַמָּה |
| amechayeh | |||
| Amen | Âmēn | Amen.; let it be so | אָמֵן |
| Amidah | ʿĂmidâh | ʿĂmiḓâh | central prayer recited standing up in Jewish daily services; synonym: Shmonei Esreh | עֲמִידָה |
| amirah l'nochri | ămirâh l'nâkhri | (indirectly) instructing a non-Jew to perform a prohibited action on the sabbath | אֲמִירָה לְנָכְרִי |
| Amorah (pl. Amoraim/Amoraïm) | Âmōrâh | (Aramaic) Jewish scholar from the period between roughly 200—500 ce | אֲמוֹרָא |
| amud ("aw-m'd") | ʿaṁuḓ | ʿaṁud | prayer stand (or lectern) from which the 'baal tefillah' (prayer leader) leads the congregation in prayer | עַמּוּד |
| anav | ʿânâw̠ | humble person | עָנָו |
| anavah/anava ("anaveh") (chs: "anuve") | ʿănâw̠âh | ʿanw̠etânuth|ʿanw̠ethânuth|ʿanw̠eṱânuth | humility | עֲנָוָה\עַנְוְתָנוּת |
| ani (pl. aniim/aniyim/aniïm) | 1. I 2. (a.s.s. 'oni') poor person | ||
| ani v'evyon ("augh-knee") | ʿÂni w̠eʿeḇyon | ● dal, ani, v'evyon: | עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן |
| anivus/anivut ("ah-knee-v's") | ʿăniw̠uth | (root: ענווה) humility (of) ● "Anivus Emes": true humility | עֲנִווּת (עֲנָווּת?) |
| Anshei Knesses HaGedolah/Anshe Knesset HaGedolah | Anshē Knesseth haĠedōlâh/haĠeḓōlâh | Men of the Great Assembly | אַנְשֵׁי כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה |
| apikorsus | epiqorsuth | blasphemy | אַפִּקוֹרְסוּת\אֶפִּיקוֹרְסוּת |
| apikorus/apikores (yesh: "apikoires") (pl. apikorsim) | epiqoros/epiqōrus/epiqōres | blasphemer, apostate | \(modern) אַפִּיקוֹרוּסאֶפִּיקוֹרוֹס\אֶפִּיקוֹרוּס\אֶפִּיקוֹרֶס |
| aravos/aravot | ʿărâḇōth | ʿărēḇōth | ʿărâḇōṱ | willow branches; 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | עֲרָבוֹת\עֲרֵבוֹת |
| arayos (yeshivish: "aroyois") | ʿărâyōth | ʿărâyōṱ | prohibited sexual relationships within Jewish law, including incest, adultery, and forbidden unions | עֲרָיוֹת |
| Arba'ah Minim (o.p.a. "arba minim") | Arbâʾâh minim/Arbaʾath haṁinim | the four (plant) species (lulav, etrog, hadassim, aravot) used together in Sukkot rituals, symbolizing unity and diversity in Jewish tradition | אַרְבָּעָה מִינִים\אַרְבַּעַת הַמִּינִים |
| Arba'ah Turim | Arbâʿâh Ṭurim | (lit. (the) four rows) all four parts of the code of Jewish law compiled by Rabbi Yaakov Ben Asher in the 14ᵗʰ century; also known as: "the Tur" | אַרְבָּעָה טוּרִים |
| arbah kanfot/arbah kanfos ha'aretz | arbaʿh kanphoth hâʾâreṣ | lit.: '(the) four corners of the earth' ● 'me'arbah kanfos ha'aretz': from all around the world | אַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֹת הָאָרֶץ מֵאַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֹת הָאָרֶץ |
| areiv/oreiv/arev (pl. areivim) | ârēḇ | guarantor | עָרֵב |
| arevut/s | areivus/t | ʿărēḇuth | ʿărēḇuṱ | 1. togetherness, feeling of solidarity; being united in purpose and responsibility; compare: arvus 2. the act of co-signing or guaranteeing a loan, or providing a pledge or surety for someone else; guarantorship | עֲרֵבוּת |
| Arichas Yamim/Arichat Yamim | Ărikhuth Yâmim | lengthy days | אֲרִיכוּת יָמִים |
| aron (chassidic: "uren") (pl. aronim) | âron | 1. (Aron) Aron Hakodesh 2. ark, chest | אָרוֹן |
| Aron HaKodesh/Aron Kodesh/Aron Qodesh | Ăron HaQ̇ōḓesh / (Âron/)Ăron Q̇ōdesh | ark/cabinet in a synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls; synonym: Hechal | אֲרוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ\אֲרוֹן קֹּדֶשׁ (אָרוֹן קֹּדֶשׁ?) |
| arvis/arvit | ʿarḇith | ʿarḇiṱ | evening prayers; synonym: ma'ariv | עַרְבִית |
| arvus/arvut | ― | 1. (col.) colloquial mispronounciation of 'areivus/vut'; act of co-signing or guaranteeing a loan, or providing a pledge or surety for someone else; guarantorship 2. (col.) short for 'hisarvus'; communal involvement motivated by a feeling of being united in purpose and responsibility; compare: areivus | עַרְבוּת |
| Asarah b'Teves/Beteves | ʿĂśârâh Beṭēḇēth | 10ᵗʰ of Teves; fast day commemorating the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple | עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת |
| Aseres Hadibros/Aseret Hadibrot | ʿĂśereth Haḋibroth/Haḋibroṱ | the Ten Commandments | עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת |
| Aseret/Aseres Yemei Teshuvah | ʿĂśereth Yemē Ṱeshuḇâh/ʿĂśereth Yemē Teshuḇâh | (lit. 'Ten days of repentance') ten days between Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish new year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), which are considered a time for reflection, repentance, and seeking forgiveness from God | עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה |
| Asher Yatzar/Yotsar | Ăsher Yâṣar | blessing recited after using the restroom | אֲשֶׁר יָצַר |
| Ashkenazi (pl. Ashkenazim) | Ashkenaẓ̇i | (noun) Jewish person belonging to the Jewish ethnic and/or cultural group originating in Central and Eastern Europe; also see Ashkenaz | אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי |
| Ashkenazi² (also spelled: ashkenazi) | Ashkenaẓ̇i | (adj.) related to Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazi culture | אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי |
| asifah/aseifah | ăsiphâh/ăsēphâh | (lit. assembly, gathering) gathering of people for a specific purpose, such as prayer, study, or communal discussion; in modern Hebrew, "asifah" can also refer to various types of gatherings or events, including conferences, meetings, or rallies | אֲסִיפָה (aram.) \ אֲסֵיפָה |
| asiyah/asiya/assiah | ʿăśiẏâh | (lit. (the) act, (the) doing/making) 1. the act of doing something, generally with religious implications 2. (Asiyah) in Jewish mysticism, particularly in Kabbalah: one of the four worlds or realms of existence | עֲשִׂיָּה |
| askan ("asken") (pl. askanim) | ― | activist; community leader; person who is actively involved in communal affairs, often advocating for the needs and interests of a specific community, particularly within the Orthodox Jewish community | אַסְקָן\אַסקן |
| asur/assur | âsur/âssur | forbidden, prohibited | אָסוּר |
| Atseres/Atzeret | ʿĂṣereth | ʿĂṣereṱ | (lit. assembly, gathering or pause) generally speaking, "Atseres" refers to the eighth day of Sukkoth; it can also refer to the holiday of Shavuoth | עֲצֶרֶת |
| Atzilut/atzilus | ʿĂṣiluth | ʿĂṣiluṱ | 1. (lit. closeness, communion or nobleness) emanation 2. (Kabbalah) (Atzilus) Olam Haʾatziluth ('World of Emanation'); the highest of the four spiritual worlds/realms of existence | אֲצִילוּת |
| atzmus/atzmut | ʿaṣmuth | ʿaṣmuṱ | someone or something's essence | עַצְמוּת |
| aufruf/oifruf | |||
| Av haRachamim | Aḇ hâRăḥamim | Father of Mercy/Compassion (meaning God) | אָב הָרַחֲמִים |
| Av Melacha | aḇ melâʾkhâh | primary category of work or labor that is prohibited on Shabbat | אַב מְלָאכָה |
| aveirah (pl. aveiros/averot) | ʿăḇērâh | (a) sin | עֲבֵרָה |
| avel (pl. avelim) | âḇēl | mourner; someone who is observing aveilut | אָבֵל |
| avelut/s | aveilus/t | ăḇēluth/ăḇēluṱ | period of mourning observed by Jews following the death of a close relative | אֲבֵלוּת |
| Avi-Avot/Avi-Avos Hatumah | Ăḇi-Aḇoth Haṭ̇umʾâh | most severe level of ritual impurity | אֲבִי-אָבוֹת הַטֻּמְאָה |
| avleh (pl. avlos/t) | |||
| Avnet | Aḇnēṭ | Priestly sash or girdle; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services | אַבְנֵט |
| Avodah Zarah | ʿĂḇodâh | ʿĂḇoḓâh Ẓârâh | idol worship | עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה |
| Avodat/Avodas Hashem | ʿĂḇodath Haṧēm | servitude to God | עֲבוֹדַת ה׳ (הַשֵּׁם) |
| Avos/Avot (yesh, rel.: ovois) (chassidic: uves) | Âḇoth/Âḇoṱ | (lit. fathers) 1. The Patriarchs 2. Pirkei Avos (Tractate of the Mishnah, a.k.a. 'Ethics of the Fathers') | אָבוֹת |
| avreich | ― | married man who studies 'Torah' full-time, particularly in a Yeshivah setting | אַבְרֵךְ\אַבֿרֵךְ |
| Ayin Hora ("aynehora") | ʿAyin hârấʿ/hâráʿ | (the) Evil eye | עַיִן הָרָע\עַיִן הָרַע |
| aynreddenish | |||
| Azazel | ʿĂẓâʾẓēl | 1. desolate place where a goat, symbolically carrying the sins of the people, was sent on Yom Kippur. 2. the goat itself; (origin of the word scapegoat) 3. name of a fallen angel in the Book of Enoch | עֲזָאזֵל |
| b'Chasdei/b'chasdei Hashem | |||
| b'di'eved/bedi'eved | bediʿăḇaḓ/beḓiʿăḇaḓ/b'ḏiʿăḇaḓ | situation where an action was not performed ideally or according to the preferred or optimal method, but is nonetheless acceptable or valid after the fact; compare: lechatchila | בְּדִיעֲבַד |
| b'erech | |||
| b'etzem/be'etzem | beʿẹṣem | in essence | בְּעֶצֶם |
| b'Ezrat/b'Ezras Hashem | beʿeẓrath Haṧēm | with the help of God | ("הַשֵּׁם") בְּעֶזְרַת ה׳ |
| b'heseivah | behesēḇâh | (on Passover) in a reclining position | בְּהֶסֵבָה |
| b'kitzur/bekitzur | beqiṣur/b'qiṣur | in short | בְּקִיצוּר |
| b'li/beli ayin hora ("beli ayn'hora") | beli ʿayin hârấʿ/hâráʿ | without the Evil Eye | בְּלִי עַיִן הָרָע\הָרַע |
| b'li neder/nedder ("bli neyder") | b'li nedder/neḏer/neḓer | without a vow (i.e. without promising) | בְּלִי נֶדֶר |
| B'nei Anusim | ― | lit.: "Children of the forced ones"; Jews or descendents of Jews who were forcibly converted to Christianity during the Spanish inquisition; also known as "Crypto-Jews" or "Marranos" | בְּנֵי אֲנוּסִים |
| b'nei/bnei/benei | b'nē/benē | 1. (lit.) sons of 2. people of | בְּנֵי |
| B'nei/bnei melachim | b'nē melâkhim | sons of kings | בְּנֵי מְלָכִים |
| b'shem/b'sheim | beshēm | in the name (of) | בְּשֵׁם |
| b'shem Hashem | beshēm Haṧēm | in the name of God | בְּשֵׁם ה׳ (בְּשֵׁם הַשֵּם) |
| b'tnai/bitnai | bithnay/bithnaj/bithnâī (bithnâï) | lit. 'with the condition that/of'; on condition (that) | בִּתְנַאי\בִּתְנָאִי |
| b'yechidus/beyechidut | |||
| ba'al/baal (m) (pl. ba'alim) | lit. 'master'; 1. owner or man in charge 2. husband 3. (in conjuctions) 'baal *': having ownership, mastery, the appointment over sth, or having sth as an occupation ● 'ba'al davar': person that is connected to a matter, often a quarrel or dispute | בַּעַל \ בְּעָלִים | |
| ba'alat/baalas (f) (pl. ba'alos/t) | lit. 'mistress'; 1. owner or woman in charge 2. (in conjuctions) 'ba'alat *': having ownership, mastery, the appointment over sth, or having sth as an occupation | בַּעֲלַת \ בַּעֲלוֹת | |
| ba'alut/ba'alus | 1. ownership or having the authority over sth 2. husbandship 3. mastery of sth | ||
| ba'al habayit/baal habayis | lit. (male) 'master of the house'; owner of the house | בַּעַל־הַבַּיִת | |
| ba'alat habayit/baalas habayis | lit. (female) 'master of the house'; owner of the house | בַּעֲלַת הַבַּיִת | |
| Ba'al Kore | ba'al/baal koreh | baʿal qōrē (ba'al qeriʾâh) | person tasked with reading the Torah portion aloud during synagogue services, typically on Shabbat and holidays | בַּעַל קוֹרֵא (בַּעַל קְרִיאָה :original) |
| baal ga'avah/gaavah ("gaaveh") | baʿal ġaʾăw̠âh | haughty person | בַּעַל גַּאֲוָה |
| baal mofes/moifes | baʿal mōphēth | miracle worker | בַּעַל מוֹפֵת |
| baal peh | baʿal peh | (lit. master of the mouth) by heart | בַּעַל פֶּה |
| Baal Tefillah | Baʿal Tephillâh/Tefillâh/Tephil̇âh | person leading the prayer during communal prayer services | בַּעַל תְּפִלָּה |
| Baal Teshuvah | Baʿal Teshuḇâh/Ṱeshuḇâh | person that was previously less observant that has since embraced religious observance and returned to a more traditional or observant lifestyle | בַּעַל תְּשׁוּבָה |
| bachor/bechor | bekhor | firstborn; eldest | בְּכוֹר |
| bachur/bochur/baḥur (pl. bachurim) | bâḥur | 1. young man (approx. 14 y. and older) 2. bachelor (male) | בָּחוּר |
| badchan/badchen/badkhn | ― | (Yiddish) person hired for a wedding to compose a relevant and humorous ballad, preferably one that rhymes, and to then sing that ballad at the wedding during the 'mitzvah tanz' | בַּדחֶן |
| baki/boki | 1. (adj) erudite 2. (n) erudite person ● 'boki b'Shas': person knowledgable about all areas of the Talmud | ||
| Bal Tashchis/Tashchit | Bal Tashḥith/Tashḥiṱ | Hebrew phrase meaning: "do not destroy" or "do not waste"; principle found in the Torah promoting conservation and avoiding needless destruction | בַּל תַּשְׁחִית |
| balabatish | |||
| balaboosta/balabusta | ― | (yiddish) homemaker; woman that runs a household with skill and efficiency | בּאַלעַבּאָסטעֶ |
| balabos | (yiddish) 1. boss 2. master of the house, head of the household, host; from the Hebrew: בַּעַל־הַבַּיִת | בּאַלעַבּאָס | |
| balagan | |||
| Bamidbar | Book of Numbers | ||
| Bar Mitzvah | bar miṣw̠âh | coming-of-age ceremony and the status attained by a Jewish boy at the age of 13 | בַּר מִצְוָה |
| Baruch Dayan (Ha)Emes/Barukh Dayan (Ha)Emet | Bârukh Ḋaẏân hâʾEmeth Bârukh Ḍ̇aẏan hâʾEmeth/Emeṱ | "Blessed is the Judge of Truth."; expression typically said upon hearing news of someone's passing (as a gesture of condolence) | בָּרוּךְ דַּיָּן הָאֱמֶת\בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת |
| baruch haba (habaa) | bârukh habâʾ | blessed be the one that cometh (formal greeting, singular) | בָּרוּךְ הַבָּא |
| Baruch Hashem | Bârukh Haṧēm | Blessed is The Name (meaning: God). | בָּרוּךְ ה׳ (הַשֵּׁם) |
| Bas kol/Bat Kol/Bas-kol | Bath-qol | heavenly voice or divine proclamation | בַּת קוֹל |
| Bas Mitzvah/Bat Mitzvah | Bath miṣw̠âh | coming of age ceremony for Jewish girls when turning 12 | בַּת מִצְוָה |
| bat/bas yechidah | |||
| basar b'chalav/b'halav (yeshivish: bossor b'cholov) | |||
| bashefer | |||
| bashert | |||
| basis/bosis | bâsis | an object that becomes a foundation for muktzah | בָּסִיס |
| bavarfen | |||
| Bayit/Bayis Ne'eman (b'Yisrael) | Bayith Nẹʾĕmân BeYiśrâʾēl | 'Household (of Faith) that is trusted' (among the Jewish people) | בַּיִת נֶאֱמָן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל |
| becher | |||
| bechinah (pl. bechinos/t) | beḥinâh | 1. (school) examination, test 2. perspective, dimension (of concepts) | (בְּחִינעֶ :yiddish) בְּחִינָה |
| bechirah | beḥirâh | free will | בְּחִירָה |
| Bedek Habayis/Bedek Habayit | Bedeq/Beḏeq Habâyith/Beḓeq Habâyiṱ | 1. (biblical) everything related to the upkeep of the Mishkan or the Temple 2. everything related to the upkeep of a synagogue | בֶּדֶק הַבָּיִת |
| bederech/b'derech klal | b'ḓerekh klâl | (lit. in the way of rule) in general | בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלָל |
| Bedikah/bedikah | beḓiqâh | examination, inspection, investigation | בְּדִיקָה |
| Bedikas/Bedikat Chametz | Beḏiqath/Beḓiqath Ḥâmēṣ | lit.: inspection of chametz (meaning: checking/searching for chametz) | בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ |
| bedikas/bedikat tola'im | beḏiqath/beḓiqath tolâʿim | inspection of bugs (i.e. checking for (the presence of) bugs) | בְּדִיקַת תּוֹלָעִים |
| Befarhesia | |||
| behemah/beheimah (pl. behemos/t) | behēmâh | 1. livestock animal 2. (humorous or derogatory) idiot | בְּהֵמָה |
| bein adam l'chavero/chaveiro | bēn âḓâm l'ḥăḇēro | between man and his fellow | בֵּין אָדָם לְחֲבֵרוֹ |
| bein adam l'Makom | bēn âdâm l'Mâqom/bēn âḓâm leMâqom | (lit. between man and the place) between man and The Omnipresent (meaning: God) | בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם |
| Bein Hashemashot/bein hashmashos | bēn haṧemâshoth | period between sunset and nightfall | בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת |
| Bein hazmanim | |||
| Beth/Beis Din (pl. batei din) | Bēth Ḋin | (lit. 'house of law/justice') Jewish (religious) court | בֵּית דִּין |
| Beth/Beis Hamidrash/Beis-midrash (pl. batei (ha)midrash) | Bēth Haṁiḏrâsh (Haṁiḓrâsh) | synanogue established with a focus on facilitating Torah study | בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ \ בָּתֵי הַמִּדְרָשׁ |
| Beis Din Shel Ma'alah | Bēth Ḋin Shel Maʿəlâh (Maʿlâh) | the Heavenly Court, Divine Tribunal | בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַעְלָה |
| Beis Haknesses/Beth Haknesset | Bēth Hakneseth/Haknesseṱ | synagogue (primarily) designated for prayer-services | בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת |
| Beth/Beis Hamikdash | Bēth Haṁiqdâsh | (lit. House of Sanctum) the Holy Temple; Beth Hamikdash Harishon/Hasheini: the First/Second Temple | בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ |
| Beth/Beis Olam | |||
| bekarov | |||
| bekiyus/bekiyut | beqiyuth/beqiʾuth/beqiyuṱ | 1. learning metHod that prioritizes covering a lot of material over going in depth and delving into details; compare: iyun 2. erudition | בְּקִיאוּת |
| bekovedik/b'kovedik/b'chovedik (chs: bekuvedik/bechuvedik) | ― | (Yiddish) respectable | בכבודיק (בְּכֻבְדִיק) |
| bemeshech | |||
| bemetzius/bemetziut | bemeṣiuth/bemeṣiuṱ | 1. in real life, in the real world 2. (lit.) in existence | בְּמֶצִיאוּת |
| Ben Sorer uMoreh | Ben Sōrēr uMōrẹh | lit.: wayward and rebellious son; refers to a specific legal concept in the Torah (Deuteronomy 21:18‑21) | בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה |
| Ben Torah (pl. benei Torah) | Ben Torâh | person that studies Torah regularly (and arguably, fulfills its mitzvot dilligently) | בֶּן תּוֹרָה |
| benoni/beinoni (pl. benonim) | bēnoni | (lit. the (one) in between) person that is neither a rasha nor a tzaddik but average | בֵּינוֹנִי |
| bentsch/bentsching/bentshing | ― | (Yinglish) (lit.: praising) reciting (one of) the designated blessing(s) after eating a meal or snack ● bentsch gomel: saying the Gomel blessing (blessing when surviving a dangerous situation), usually in a synagogue 2. (noun) the (act of) bentsching (usuarlly Birkat Hamazon); from the Yiddish word 'bentschen/bentshn' (בּעֶנטשֶׁן) | ― |
| bentsher/bentscher | ― | (Yiddish) prayerbook(let) containing the blessings for bentsching | בּעֶנטשֶער |
| bepo'al/b'po'el/b'po'eil | b'pho'al/b'pho'el/b'pho'ēl/ bapoal/bapo'el/bapo'ēl |
with action (physical or figurative) | \ בְּפֹעַל \ בְּפֹעֵל בְּפוֹעֵל\בַּפֹּעַל\בַּפּוֹעֵל |
| beracha/berakha/bracha (pl. brachos/t) | berâkhâh | (a) blessing | בְּרָכָה |
| berairah/bereirah/bererah/breirah (pl. breiros/t) | berērâh | option ● b'ein breirah: with no (other) option | בְּרִירָה |
| Beraisah/B'raisah/Braysah (pl. b'raisos/t) | Berētâh/Berēthâh/Berēṱâh | collection of teachings, traditions, and legal interpretations attributed to the Tannaim (rabbinic Sages of the 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE) which were not incorporated into the Mishnah but are quoted in the Gemara | בְּרֵיתָא |
| Bereshit/Bereishis | Book of Genesis | ||
| besamim | beśâmim | (lit. spices) aromatic spices (usually cloves) used in the Havdalah ceremony, which marks the end of Shabbat | בְּשָׂמִים |
| besari | having the halachik status of meat products, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or actually being meat; SYN: fleishig/fleishigs | ||
| beseder/b'seder | besēḓer | okay | בְּסֵדֶר |
| beshaah/b'sha'ah/besha'ah tovah (u)mutzlachas/t | b'shâʿâh tōḇâh (u)muṣlâḥath | "in a good and succesful hour"; morphed version of ' b'sha'ah tovah umetzulochas ' | בְּשָׁעָה טוֹבָה (וּ)מֻצְלַחַת |
| beshaah/b'sha'ah/besha'ah tovah umetzulochas/umetzulachat | b'shâʿâh tōḇâh umeṣul̇âḥath | "in a good hour and (one) that is prone to success" | בְּשָׁעָה טוֹבָה וּמְצֻלָּחַת |
| beshaas hadchak/bishe'at had'chak | bisheʿáth haḓ'ḥâq/had'ḥaq | 'in times of emergency/crisis'; used when one has to make decisions or take actions that are less than desirable/less than ideal because of challenging or critical circumstances | בִּשְעַת הַדְחָק\הַדְּחַק |
| beshita | |||
| beshum ofen/oifen | |||
| besorah/besora ("besure/bsure") (chs: besire) | בְּשׂוֹרָה | ||
| besoros tovos/besorot tovot | בְּשׂוֹרוֹת טוֹבוֹת | ||
| b'chdei/bich'dei achilat pras / bich'dei achilas pras | |||
| bichlal | bikhlâl | (lit. in rule) 1. at all 2. in the grouping (of), in the category (of) | בִּכְלָל |
| Bigdei Kehuna | Biǧdē Kehuṅâh | special clothes worn by the priests (Kohanim) in the Temple | בִּגְדֵי כְּהֻנָּה |
| Bikkur/Bikur Cholim | Biqur (Biqqur) Ḥolim | 'visiting the sick', a mitzvah from the Torah | בִּיקוּר חוֹלִים |
| Bikkurim | Bikurim/Bikkurim | 1. agricultural offering of the first fruits of the harvest, which were brought to the temple in Jerusalem as an expression of gratitude to God in ancient times 2. Tractate of the Mishna decribing the laws around this ritual | בִּכּוּרִים |
| bilbul (pl. bilbulim)(pl. yid. bilb'lech) | bilbul | (lit. confusion, obfuscation) (blood) libel | בִּלְבּוּל\בִּלְבּוּלִים (yiddish: בִּילבּל\בִּילבּלעֶך) |
| bimhero/bim'hero veyameynu (amen) | bimhēro w̠eyâmēnu (âmēn) | with haste, in our days (amen) | בִּמְהֵרָה וְיָמֵינוּ (אָמֵן) |
| bimah (bīmah) | bimâh | raised platform or dais in a synagogue | בִּימָה\בִּמָה |
| binah | binâh | 1. comprehension, understanding 2. [Binah] one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing intellectual insight and discernment | בִּינָה |
| birchon (pl. birchonim) | בִּרְכוֹן \ בִּרְכוֹנִים | ||
| Birkas HaChamah/Birkat HaChamah | Birkath haḥaṁâh | בִּרְכַּת הַחַמָּה | |
| Birkat Kohanim/Birkas Kohanim | SYN: Nesiyat Kapayim | ||
| Birkat HaGomel/Birkas Hagomel | Birkath Haġōmēl | special blessing recited by a person who has experienced a dangerous situation and has emerged unharmed (in Orthodox Judaism, this includes simply travelling over a sea) | בִּרְכַּת הַגּוֹמֵל |
| Birkat/Birkas Hamazon | Birkath Haṁâẓon | blessing recited after consuming a meal with bread | בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן |
| Birkat/Birkas Hashachar | Birkhoth Hashaḥar/Haṧaḥar | series of blessings in Jewish tradition recited after waking up (in the morning) | בִּרְכוֹת הַשַּׁחַר (בִּרְכַּת הַשַּׁחַר) |
| Birkat/Birkas HaTorah | |||
| Birshus/t | bir'shus/t | bir'shuth/bireshuth/bireshuṱ | (lit. in the jurisdiction (of)) 'with permission of'; often said right before leading the bentsching followed by a generic or personalized reference to one's fellow co-diners as a gesture of respect | רְשׁוּת |
| bishe'at/bishe'as ma'aseh / bisha'as maiseh | |||
| Bishul/bishul | Bishul | cooking; 1 of the 39 melachos of the Jewish Sabbath (counted together with Ofeh (baking)) | בִּישׁוּל |
| Bishul Akum | Bishul Akum | food cooked by a 'non-Jew' | בִּישׁוּל עַכּוּ״ם |
| Bishul Yisrael | Bishul Yiśrâʾēl | food cooked by a Jew | בִּישׁוּל יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| bitachon | biṭ̇âchon | trust (in a higher power); compare: Emunah | בִּטָּחוֹן |
| bittul zman | |||
| bittul Torah | |||
| bizayon (pl. bizyonos/t) | biẓ̇âyon / biẓyonoth | disgrace, humiliation | בִּזָּיוֹן \ בִּיזְיוֹנוֹת |
| Boneh | Boneh (Bōnẹh) | (v.)(singular) building; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | בּוֹנֶה |
| Bore/Borei Olam | Borē ʿOlâm | (the) Creator of (the) world (meaning: God) | בּוֹרֵא עוֹלָם |
| Boreich/Borech | Bōrēkh | (lit.) bless(es) (root of מְבָרֵךְ (meaning: (singular) bless/blesses)); 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Passover | בָּרֵךְ |
| Borer/Boreir/Boirer | Bōrēr | separating; sorting; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | בֹּרֵר |
| Bracha Achronah | Berâkhâh Aḥăronâh | lit. last blessing; one of the designated blessings for after a meal or snack | בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה |
| bracha levatalah | berâkhâh leḇaṭ̇âlâh | blessing (uttered) in vain | בְּרָכָה לְבַטָּלָה |
| briah | beriʾâh | creation (from nothing) | בְּרִיאָה |
| Briat Ha'olam/Brias HaOlam | beriʾath/briʾath hâʿolâm | creation of the world | בְּרִיאַת הָעוֹלָם |
| bris/brit (pl. brisos/britot) | brith | (pl. technically 'brisos/britot' but 'brissim/britim' is more common despite it being incorrect) 1. covenant 2. (Bris) short for Bris Milah (Covenant of Circumcision) | בְּרִית \ בְּרִיתוֹת |
| Bris Avos/Brit Avot | Brith Âḇoth | covenant of (our) fathers (meaning: Patriarchs) | בְּרִית אָבוֹת |
| Bris Milah/Brit Milah | Brith Milâh | (Covenant of) circumcision | בְּרִית מִילָה |
| Brisk | ― | innovative reductionist approach to Talmudic study founded by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik in 1880 2. lifestyle associated with said approach | בּרִיסק |
| brisker/Brisker | ― | (Yiddish) of Brisk ● the brisker method/approach ; ● a brisker (person educated in the brisker method) | בּרִיסקעֶר |
| bruchim/beruchim haba'im | berukhim/brukhim habaʾim | blessed are the ones that come. (formal greeting to multiple people) ● "Beruchim haba'im b'shem Hashem.": "Blessed are the ones that come in the name of God." | בְּרוּכִים הַבָּאִים |
| bubbe maises | |||
| bubbele | |||
| bubby | ― | (Yiddish) grandma | בּוּבִּי |
| busha | |||
| ch'shad | ḥăshâd/ḥăshâḓ | suspicion (on a person) | חֲשָׁד |
| Chabad/chabad (a.s.s.: Chabbad) | ― | major chasidic movement known for its outreach efforts and educational activities; acronym of Chochmah, Binah, va'Da'at (חָכְמָה, בִּינָה, וָדַּעַת); also known as Lubavitch (based on the location it originated from) | חַבַּ"ד |
| chaburah (pl. chaburos/t) | |||
| chacham (chs: 'chuchem') (pl. chachamim) | ḥâkhâm | wise person | חָכָם |
| Chacham fun der Ma-Nishtana | ― | (Yiddish) lit. Chacham from the Ma-Nishtanah: said when someone says something that sounds smart but is actually inaccurate | חָכָם פוּן דֶעְר מַה נִשְׁתַּנָה |
| Chad Gadya | |||
| Chadash/chadash (yesh: chodosh) | ḥâdâsh/ḥâḓâsh | (lit. new) 1. grains harvested in the current year 2. new clothes | חָדָשׁ |
| Chag sameach | |||
| chai/hai | ḥai | lives ● "Am Yisrael chai": the people of Israel live | חַי |
| chakira/chakirah (pl. chakiros/t) | ḥăqirâh | thorough examination through continuous questioning in order to arrive at a conclusion | חֲקִירָה |
| Chalakah/chalakah | |||
| chalalah (pl. chalalos/t) | ḥălâlâh | woman who has been rendered ritually impure due to marrying a priest in violation of Levitical law | חֲלָלָה |
| chalal (pl. chalalim) | ḥâlâl | child of a chalalah | חָלָל |
| Chalav Akum/chalav akum | Ḥâlâḇ Akum | milk of non-Jewish origin | חָלָב עַכּוּ״ם |
| Chalav Yisrael/chalav yisrael | Ḥâlâḇ Yiśrâʾēl | milk of Jewish origin | חָלָב יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| chalavi/halavi | ḥălaḇi | having the halachik status of dairy, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or actually being dairy; SYN: milchig/milchigs | חֲלָבִי |
| chalesh | |||
| chalila v'chas | ḥâlilâh w̠eḥâs | (lit. profaned and mercy) God forbid | חָלִילָה וְחָס |
| Chalitzah/chalitzah | ḥăliṣâh | (biblical) ritual performed by a widow whose husband has died childless (not performed if she marries her brother in law) | חֲלִיצָה |
| challah/hallah | ḥal̇âh | type of braided bread eaten on Shabbat and holidays in Jewish households | חַלָּה |
| chameshet mine dagan/chameishes minei dagan | |||
| chametz/hametz | ḥâmēṣ | leavened food, prohibited from being eaten (or even owned) on Passover ● Chametz she'avar alav haPesach (חָמֵץ שֶׁעָבַר עָלָיו הַפֶּסַח); leavened products that were in one's possession during Passover (despite the prohibition against owning chametz during that time) | חָמֵץ |
| hametz/chametz gamur | ḥâmēṣ ġâmur | pure chametz (foods that are unequivocally leavened) | חָמֵץ גָּמוּר |
| Chamishah Chumshei Torah | Ḥămiṧâh Ḥumšē Torâh | (lit. five pentacles of Torah) the Pentateuch | חֲמִשָּׁה חוּמְשֵׁי תּוֹרָה (חֲמִשָּׁה חֻמָשֵׁי תּוֹרָה?) |
| Chanukkah/Hanukkah | |||
| Chanukkas habayis/Chanukkat habayit | |||
| chap aran ('arān')/arain | |||
| charatah (chs: charute) | ḥărâṭâh | regret | חֲרָטָה |
| Chareidi/chareidi/Haredi/haredi | ― | (Hebrew)(adj.) 1. Orthodox Jewish (with the exception of (certain) Modern Orthodox (groups) (known in Israel as dati le'umi)) 2. (noun)(pl. chareidim) Orthodox Jewish person (except for (certain groupings within the) Modern Orthodox (community)) | חֲרֵדִי |
| has/chas v'shalom | ḥâs w̠eshâlom | (lit. mercy and peace) God forbid | חָס וְשָׁלוֹם |
| chas v'chalila | ḥâs w̠eḥâlilâh | (lit. mercy and profaned) God forbid | חָס וְחָלִילָה |
| Chasdei/chasdei shamayim | |||
| chashash | ḥăshâsh | (noun)(count.) doubt, suspicion | חֲשָׁשׁ |
| chashuv/hashuv | ḥâshuḇ | ● (yiddish) a chashuve/choshuve yid: a respectable Jew | חָשׁוּב |
| chassan/hattan (pl. chassanim/chattanim) | ḥâtân/ḥâthân/ḥâṱân | groom | חָתָן \ חֲתָנִים |
| chassid/hassid (pl. chassidim (hebrew)/chassids (eng)) | ḥâsiḏ/ḥâsiḓ | 1. person that does chessed (kindness) 2. pious person or devout/loyal person (to a creed, religion etc.) ● chassid shoteh (חָסִיד שׁוֹטֶה) (lit. foolish chassid); person that is loyal to a creed or person unquestionably (or uncritically) 3. hasidic person | חָסִיד |
| Chassidei Umos HaOlam | |||
| Chatat/Chatas/Chatos | Ḥaṭ̇âʾth | sin-offering; short for Korban Chatos ; sacrificial offering prescribed in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) to atone for sins committed unintentionally or inadvertently | חַטָּאת |
| chatunah/hatunah/chasunah/chassunah/chassune | ḥătuṅâh/ḥăthuṅâh/ḥăṱuṅâh | wedding | חתונה\חֲתֻנָּה |
| chatzer/chotzer | ḥâṣēr | (court)yard | חָצֵר |
| Chatzi Kaddish/Chatzi-Kaddish | |||
| chatzitza | |||
| chatzos yom/lailah | |||
| chatzos/chatzot | ḥăṣoth | (lit. midpoint) chatzos yom: noon; chatzos lailah: midnight | חֲצוֹת |
| chaval | |||
| chavilah | (biblical measurements)(lit. 'bundle') amount equal to 25 zeirin | חֲבִילָה | |
| chavrusa/chavruta | |||
| chayev | ḥaẏâḇ | 1. obligated 2. liable | חַיָּב |
| chayev kares/kores | ḥaẏâḇ kârēth | liable to (receive) kares | חַיָּב כָּרֵת |
| chayev misah/mitah/misoh (bidei shamayim/bidey adam) | ḥaẏâḇ mithâh ḥaẏâḇ mithâh bidē shâmayim/biḓē shâmayim / ḥaẏâḇ miṱâh bidē âdâm/biḓē âḓâm |
liable to (the) death(penalty) (by the hands of heaven/man) | חַיָּב מִיתָה חַיָּב מִיתָה בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם חַיָּב מִיתָה בִּידֵי אָדָם |
| chayim aruchim umevarchim | ḥaẏim arukhim umeḇârkhim | 'a long life and a blessed one' | חַיִּים אֲרוּכִים וּמְבָרְכִים |
| Chazak/Chazzak | Ḥăẓaq | lit. 'strong'; short for 'Shabbos Chazak' ● Chazzak Chazzak v'Nischazeik (חֲזַק חֲזַק וְנִתְחַזֵּק); 'Be strong, be strong, and may we be strengthened': statement chanted after concluding any one of the 5 books of the 'Torah'; ● Chazzak ve'ematz (חֲזַק וֶאֱמַץ): 'Be strong and courageous' | חֲזַק |
| chazakah | ḥăẓâqâh | presumption of ownership or possession of property based on consistent and uninterrupted use or occupation over a certain period of time | חֲזָקָה |
| Chazal/Chazzal/Ḥazal | Ḥaẓal | (acronym) Talmudic Sages; acronym standing for Chach'meinu Zichronam Livracha (חַכְמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה) meaning 'Our Sages, may their memory be blessed' | חַזַ"ל |
| chazarah (yeshivish: "chazore") | ḥăẓârâh | (lit. 'return')(noun) reviewing | חֲזָרָה |
| Chazaras haShatz/chazarat hashatz | Ḥăẓârath haShaṣ | abbreviated form of Chazaras HaShaliach Tzibbur (חַזָּרַת הַשַּׁלִּיחַ צִבּוּר); repetition of the Amidah by the Shaliach Tzibbur | חֲזָרַת הַשַ"ץ |
| chazer'n | ― | )(yiddish)(v.) rehearse, review | חַזעֶרעֶן |
| Chazeres/Chazeret/Hazeret(h) | Ḥăẓereth | Romaine lettuce | חֲזֶרֶת |
| chazir ("chazer") | ḥăẓir | pig, swine | חֲזִיר |
| chazzan/hazzan (pl. chazzanim) | ḥaẓ̇ân | cantor | חַזָּן |
| cheder (pl. chadarim) | ḥeder/ḥedder / ḥădârim/ḥăḓârim | (lit. room) school (usually a Hasidic Jewish religious school) | חֶדֶר \ חֲדָרִים |
| cheder rishon/sheini/shlishi/revii | ḥeder riʾshon/shēni/shelishi/reviʿi | חֶדֶר רִאשׁוֹן\שֵׁנִי\שְׁלִישִׁי\רְבִיעִי | |
| chefetz (pl. chafotzim) | ḥēpheṣ | (noun) object | חֵפֶץ \ חֲפָצִים |
| chein | ḥēn | חֵן | |
| cherem/cheirem | (status of) excommunication | ||
| Cheirem Derabbeinu Gershom (Gershon) | |||
| Cherus/cherut/cheirus | ḥēruth | freedom | חֵרוּת |
| cheishek/cheishik | |||
| chelek/cheilek/cheilik (pl. chalakim) | ḥēleq | חֵלֶק | |
| chelev/cheilev | |||
| Chenek | |||
| chesed/chessed (pl. chasadim) | Ḥesed/ḥeseḓ | 1. compassion, kindness 2. short for maasei chesed (מַעֲשֵׂי חֶסֶד (lit. 'works of kindness')); acts of kindness 3. community service 4. Chessed: one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing love and benevolence | חֶסֶד\חֲסָדִים |
| Chesed shel Emes | Ḥesseḓ shel Emeth | ||
| cheshbon (pl. cheshbonos/t) | ḥeshbon | חֶשְׁבּוֹן | |
| cheshbon hanefesh | ḥeshbon haṅephesh | חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַנֶּפֶשׁ | |
| cheskat/cheshkas haTorah | ḥeshqath HaTorâh | חֶשְׁקַת הַתּוֹרָה | |
| chet/cheit (pl. chato'im/chatoïm) | |||
| Chevlei Mashiach/chevlei Moshiach | חֶבְלֵי מָשִׁיחַ | ||
| chevra | |||
| Chevra Kadisha | |||
| chevraman | |||
| chiddush/chidush | ḥiḋush/ḥiḓ̇ush | חִדּוּשׁ | |
| chillul Hashem | |||
| chiloni/hiloni (pl. chilonim/hilonim) | |||
| chiluk/chilluk (pl. chilukim) | difference | ||
| chilukei deyos/chilukei deyot | |||
| chinuch | |||
| chisaron/chisaroin (pl. chisronos/t) | drawback, fault, or consequential lack | חִסָּרוֹן \ חִסְרוֹנוֹת | |
| chiyuv (pl. chiyuvim) | ḥiẏuḇ | obligation | חִיּוּב |
| chizuk/chizzuk | ● Divrei Chizuk: words of encouragement | ||
| chochmah | ḥâkmâh | 1. wisdom 2. [Chochmah] one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing wisdom and intuition 3. (noun)(count.) something that requires a decent amount of intellect to be able to do ● nit/nisht ke'n chochmah: not (as) (intellectually) impressive/difficult (as you're making it out to be) | חָכְמָה |
| Chochmat/Chochmas Nistar (Hanistar) | Ḥâkhmath HaṄistâr | hidden wisdom, esoteric wisdom | חָכְמַת הַנִּסְתָּר |
| chok (pl. chukim) | ḥoq / ḥuq̇im | statute; commandment whose rationale is not always immediately apparent or understood, distinguishing from "mishpat" (משפט), which refers to laws with a clear and understandable reason | (חוּקּים\חֻקִּים) חוֹק |
| Chol Hamoed/Hamo'ed ("chalemoid") (yesh. rel.: "choil hamoi'eid") | Ḥōl HaṀōʿēḓ/HaṀōʿēd | חוֹל הַמּוֹעֵד | |
| choleh (pl. cholim) | |||
| cholek | |||
| Choresh | ḥorēsh | plowing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | חֹרֵשׁ\חורש |
| Choshen Mishpat/Mishpot | Hoshen Mishpat | Ḥoshẹn / Ḥoshẹn (ha)Mishpât | the Choshen Mishpat (often abbreviated to 'Choshen') (lit.: Breastplate of Justice) is the Biblical term for the Priestly Breastplate; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | חֹשֶׁן\חֹשֶׁן הַמִשְׁפָּט\חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט |
| choshesh | |||
| choshet | accuse | ||
| choshet biksheirim/b'ksheirim | |||
| chov (yeshivish: choiv) (pl. chovos/t) | ḥoḇ | debt | חוֹב |
| chozer | |||
| chozer bitshuvah/biteshuvah | |||
| chumash (pl. chumashim) | ḥuṁâsh | 1. a 'Torah' in book form 2. (any) one of the five books of the Torah (in book form) | חומש\חֻמָּשׁ |
| Chumash Seudah | ― | (yiddish) | חֻמָּשׁ סוּדעֶ (חומש סעודה) |
| Chumash/Rashi / humash-Rashi | ― | חֻמָּשׁ־רַשִׁ"י | |
| chumrah (pl. chumros/t) | ḥumrâh | a chumrah = a stringency | |
| chuppah (pl. chuppos/t) | |||
| churban/Churban (a.p.: chorbn) | 1. destruction; remains of a settlement after is has been destroyed 2. 'The Churban', refers to: Churban Beth Hamikdash: the Destruction of the Holy Temple ● Zecher l'Churban: in memory of the Churban | חֻרְבָּן | |
| chush | |||
| Chutz la'Aretz/chutz la'aretz | ḥuṣ lâʾâreṣ | (lit. 'out to the land') outside Israel | חוּץ לָאָרֶץ |
| chutz lamachane | (lit. 'out of the encampment')(humorous) isolated from the group | ||
| Chutznik/chutznik (pl. chutznikim) | |||
| chutzpah/hutzpah | audacity | ||
| chutzpinyak/chutzp'nyak | |||
| d'Oraisah/d'oraisah | "mi'd'oraisah" | ||
| d'Rabbanan/d'rabbanan | "mi'd'rabbanan" | ||
| da'as/da'at/daas | ḋaʿath/ḋaʿaṱ | 1. knowledge, informedness 2. Da'ath: in Kabbalah, the location where all ten Sefirot in the Tree of Life are united as one, often considered a bridge between the divine and human consciousness | דָּעַת |
| Daas Torah | |||
| daf (pl. dapim) | דַּף \ דַּפִּים | ||
| Daf (Ha)yomi | |||
| dagesh (pl. degashim) | דָּגֵשׁ \ דְּגָשִׁים | ||
| dalet amot/daled amos | lit.: 'ד cubits'; ● "* shouldn't come into my dalet amos": * should stay far away from me; syn: 'arbah amos/t' | ||
| dam milah | |||
| dan l'kaf zechus/zchus/z'chut | |||
| darchei shalom | |||
| darkei halimmud | |||
| darom | south | ||
| dati le'umi/dati leumi | |||
| davar noeh umiskabel | |||
| daven/davening (v) | (yiddish/yinglish) 'to daven' = to pray | ||
| davening (n) | (yinglish) prayer | ||
| davka | intentionally | ||
| dayan (pl. dayanim) | (noun) judge | ||
| Dayenu/Daiyenu | |||
| de'ah/deiyah/deiya/deyah | opinion, perspective | ||
| de'os/de'ot | plural of 'deiyah'; opinions, perspectives | ||
| Deracheha Darchei Noam (v'chol nesivoseho shalom) | Ḋerâkhehâh darkhē noʿâm (w̠'khâl nethiḇotehâ shâlom) | דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נֹעַם (וְכׇל נְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם) | |
| derech eretz | (lit. ways of the land) manners | ||
| Derech eretz kadma l'Torah | (dictum) manners take precedence over the Torah | ||
| derech hayashar | |||
| Devarim | |||
| dikduk | |||
| dimyon ("dimyen") | |||
| dimyonos/dimyonot | |||
| din (pl. dinim) | ḋin / ḋinim | דִּין \ דִּינִים | |
| din v'cheshbon | |||
| dina d'malchusa dina | דִּינָא דְמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא (דִּינָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא) | ||
| doche (doiche) | |||
| domeh (doymeh) | similar | ||
| Dor Haflagah | |||
| Dash/Dosh | threshing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | דש | |
| Drash/drash | |||
| drashah/drasha | speech (often referring to a religious sermon) | ||
| dreidel | Jewish version of a spinning top; used on chanukkah/hanukkah | ||
| duchenen/dukhenen/duchn'n/dukhn'n | ― | (Yiddish) 'The Duchenen'; the ritual of Birkat Kohanim ; from the Hebrew 'דּוּכָנָן' (duchanan) meaning: (the) stands | דוּכֶנ'עֶן\דוּכֶנעֶן |
| duchen/duchening | ― | (Yinglish) 'to duchen': perform the ritual of Birkat Kohanim | דוּכֶנעִנג |
| Dvar Torah/dvar Torah (pl. divrei Torah) | |||
| dveykus/dveykut | |||
| dybbuk (pl. dybbukim) | ḋibuq/ḋibbuq (ḋiḇuq?) | malevolent spirit, generally the type that possesses humans | דִּיבּוּק\דִּבּוּק |
| efsher | |||
| Eglah Arufah | Eǧlâh Ăruphâh | (lit. "broken-necked calf", "decapitated heifer") ritual described in the Hebrew Bible (Deuteronomy 21:1‑9) pertaining to a person found murdered in the wild and where the perpetrator is unknown | עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה (עֶגְלָה הָעֲרוּפָה) |
| Ehyeh asher Ehyeh | Ẹhyẹh ăshẹr Ẹhyẹh | (lit. "I am that I am") reference to God (as God represents themself this way in Exodus 3:14) | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה |
| Eibishter/Eybishter (chs: Aybishter) | |||
| eidem/eydem (chs: aidem/aydem) (pl. eydemes) | (yiddish) son in law | אֵיידעֶם | |
| Eidut HaMizrach/Eidut Hamizrach | |||
| (b')ein brerah/ein breira | (with) no (other) option | ||
| Ein Kateigor Naaseh Saneigor | Ēn qâṭēgor naʿaśeh sânēgor/Ēn qaṭ̇ēgōr naʿaśeh sânēgor | \אֵין קַטֵּיגוֹר נַעֲשֶׂה סָנֵיגוֹר אֵין קָטֵיגוֹר נַעֲשֶׂה סָנֵיגוֹר | |
| Ein/Eyn Sof | Ēn soph | (Kaballah) (lit. No End) God | |
| einikel (pl. eyniklach) | |||
| eruv/eiruv (pl. eiruvin (aramaic)) | עֵרוּב\עֵירוּב (עֵירוּבִים\(aram.) עֵירוּבִין) | ||
| Eis Ratzon | |||
| etzah/eitzah/eitza (pl. eitzos/t) | |||
| El/el (pl. elim/eilim) | 1. [el] (a) god 2. [El] one of the names of God in the Bible | ||
| El (Elohim) Elyon | |||
| El malei rachamim | אֵל מָלֵא רַחֲמִים | ||
| elo lirosam bilvad/elah lirotam bilvad | |||
| emes/emet | |||
| Emunah/emunah | belief/conviction | ||
| Emunat/Emunas Chachamim | |||
| Emunat/Emunas Hashem | belief in God | ||
| Ephod/Eiphod | Ēphoḓ/Ēphod | richly embroidered vest or apron with two onyx engraved gemstones on the shoulders, on which were engraved the names of the tribes of Israel; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | אֵפוֹד |
| eretz | earth, land | ||
| Eretz Hakodesh/HaKodesh | |||
| Eretz Yisrael | (land of) Israel | ||
| Erev Rav | |||
| Erev Shabbos | |||
| erliche yid | ― | (Yiddish) | אֶרְלִיכֶע יִיד |
| erusin | |||
| Eruvei chatzeros | עֵרוּבֵי חֲצֵרוֹת | ||
| Eruv Tavshilin | |||
| eruv techumin | |||
| erva | |||
| Eser Makkos/Eser Makkot | |||
| Eshet Chayil/eishes chayil | |||
| Esrog/etrog/ethrog (pl. esrogim) | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| Etz Chaim | (lit. 'Tree of Life') | ||
| Etz Hada'as | |||
| Etzbah Elohim (c: Etzbah Elokim) | אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים | ||
| etzem | |||
| evarim/eivarim | |||
| eved (pl. avodim) | servant/slave | ||
| Eved Canaani | Cannaanite slave | ||
| Eved Hashem (pl. Avdei Hashem) | servant of God | ||
| Eved Ivri | Hebrew slave | ||
| eved nirtzah/nirtza/nirza | |||
| Even Ha'ezer/HaEzer | |||
| Ever min hachai/Ever min hachay | |||
| Ezrat Nashim/Ezras nashim | |||
| Even Shesiyah/Even Shetiyah | Eḇen Haṧeṯ̣iyâh/Eḇen Sheṱ̣̇iyâh | 'Foundation Stone'; foundational rock from which, according to Judaism, the world was created; located at the center of the Dome of the Rock | אֶבֶן שְׁתִיָּה\אֶבֶן הַשְּׁתִיָּה |
| fleishig | ― | (Yiddish) having the halachik status of meat products, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or actually being meat; SYN: besari | |
| fleishigs | ― | (Yiddish) 1. (noun) fleishig foods 2. (adj.) malapropism of fleishig | |
| frum (chs: frim) | ― | (Yiddish; OJ term) Orthodox (Jewish) | |
| frummie | ― | (Jewish slang; often, derogatory) frum person | |
| G'lilah/glilah | |||
| G'mar/Gmar chasima tova | |||
| gabbai/gabay ("gabbeh") (pl. gabbaim/gabbaïm) | sexton | ||
| gadlus/gadlut | |||
| gadol (pl. gedolim) | |||
| Gadol Hador/gadol hador (pl. Gedolei Hador) | |||
| galus/galut | |||
| Galut/Galus Bavel | |||
| gam zu l'tovah | |||
| Gan Eden | Garden of Eden | ||
| ganav/ganev (pl. ganavim) | thief | ||
| gaon/Gaon (pl. Geonim/Gaonim) | 1. genius | ||
| gartel (pl. gartelach) | |||
| gashmiyus/gashmiyut | materialism; worldly pleasures | ||
| gazlan (pl. gazlanim) | |||
| gebentsht | |||
| gebroktz/gebrokhts | synonym: matzah sh'ruyah | געְבּראָקטס | |
| geder | fence | ||
| Gehinnom/Gehinnam | hell | ||
| gemach (pl. gemachim) | גְּמַ"ח (גְּמַ"חִים) | ||
| Gemara (pl. gemarot/gemoros) | Ġemârâ | the Talmud, or more precisely, any part of the Talmud | גְּמָרָא |
| gematria (pl. gematrios/t) | גְּמַטְרִיָּה \ גְּמַטְרִיּוֹת | ||
| Gemilut/gemilus chasadim | Ġemiluth ḥăsâḓim/ḥăsâdim | גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים | |
| genizah | ġeniẓâh | repository for worn-out or damaged sacred texts such as Torah scrolls, prayer books, and other religious writings that contain the name of God; out of respect for their sanctity, they are placed there, instead of being discarded; eventually, they are buried in a Jewish cemetery according to Jewish law | גְּנִיזָה |
| ger (pl. gerim/geirim) | (male) convert | ||
| Ger Tzeddek/Tseddek | |||
| geshmack/gishmack | |||
| get (pl. gitin) | divorce document | ||
| Geula/Ge'ula/Ge'ulah | the Redemption | ||
| gevir ("geviir") (pl. gevirim) | |||
| gevurah | ġeḇurâh | 1. strength 2. Gevurah (lit. strength): one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing disclipine and judgment | גְּבוּרָה |
| gezeilah/g'zeilah | theft | ||
| gezeira/gezeirah | |||
| gezel | thievery | ||
| gid hanasheh | |||
| gilgul (pl. gilgulim) | reincarnated soul, reincarnation | גִּלְגוּל \ גִּלְגוּלִים | |
| giluy arayos/arayot | |||
| gilyon (gilyoin) (pl. gilyonos/t) | ġilyon | manuscript, copyedit | גִּלְיוֹן |
| giyores/giyoret (pl. giyoros/t | female convert | גִיוֹרֶת \ גִיוֹרוֹת | |
| giyur | the 'conversion process' or just conversion in general | ||
| Glatt/glatt (kosher) | |||
| Gog u'Magog | |||
| golem | |||
| goral/gorel | |||
| goram/gorem/goirem | |||
| gorash (pl. gorshim) | male divorcee | ||
| goy (pl. goyim | lit. 'nation' but usually refers to non-Jews | גּוֹי\גּוֹיִם | |
| goyish (also spelled: goysh) | un-Jewish | ||
| goyishe kop | lit.: 'nation-like head'; said about a person that thinks like a non-Jew | ||
| Gozez | shearing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | גוזז | |
| grusha (pl. grushos/t) | female divorcee | ||
| Gut voch | (exchanged saturday night after night prayers) "(Have a) Good week." | ||
| Ha lachma anya | |||
| Ha'adamah/Ha'Adama | |||
| Hachana lechol/l'Chol | preparation for the weekdays (lit. the mundane), which is prohibited on the Sabbath and Yamim-Tovim | ||
| hachanos/hachanot (pl. of hachana) | |||
| hadassim | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| hadrachah | roadmap; guidance | ||
| hadras panim | |||
| Ha'etz/Ha'Etz | |||
| hafleh vafeleh | |||
| Hafrashas/Hafrashat challah | |||
| hafsakah (pl. hafsakos/t) | haphsâqâh | 1. break 2. recess | הַפְסָקָה \ הַפְסָקוֹת |
| Haftarah/Haftorah | הַפְטָרָה \ הַפְטָרוֹת | ||
| Hagafen/HaGafen | |||
| Hagbah/Hagbaha | Haǧbâhâh/Hagbâhâh | ritual lifting and displaying of the Torah scroll to the congregation after it has been read during a Torah reading service | הַגְבָּהָה |
| Haggadah (pl. Haggados/t) | |||
| Haggadah shel Pesach | |||
| Hakadosh Baruch Hu | |||
| Hakafah/hakafah (pl. hakafos/t) | Haq̇âphâh | הַקָּפָה | |
| Hakeil/Hak'hel/Hak'heil | הַקְהֵל | ||
| Hakhnasas orchim/hachnasat orchim | hakhnâsath orḥim | (lit. 'the welcoming of guests') hospitality (towards guests) | הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים |
| Hakhnasat/Hachnasas kallah | Hakhnâsath kal̇âh | הַכְנָסַת כַּלָּה | |
| Hakoras/Hakarat hatov | |||
| hakpadah | haqpâḓâh/haqpâdâh | act of having grievences (against someone) | הַקפָּדָה |
| halacha l'maaseh | |||
| Halacha l'Moshe MiSinai/Misinai | |||
| Halacha/Halakha/Halakhah (Halacha/Halakha/Halakhah) | הֲלָכָה | ||
| halachos/halachot | plural of 'halacha' | ||
| halevai | |||
| Hallel | Hal̇ēl | 1. 2. 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | הַלֵּל |
| halos hashachar | ʿăloth haṧâḥar/haṧaḥar | (relatively) common but technically incorrect version of alos hashachar; rising of the dawn | עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר\עֲלֹות הַשַּׁחַר |
| Hamachlif Parah b'Chamor | |||
| HaMakom | (lit.: The Place) one of the names of God; usually translated as 'The Omnipresent' | ||
| Hamapil/Hamappil | |||
| Hamon am | |||
| Hamotzi | |||
| hana'ah (pl. hana'os/t) | enjoyment | הֲנָאָה \ הֲנָאוֹת | |
| hanhala (pl. hanhalos/t) | |||
| hanukkiah/chanukkiah (pl. chanukkios/t) | |||
| Har Habayis/Har Habayit | |||
| Har k'Gigis | "Kofu aleihem Har k'Gigis" | ||
| Har Sinai | Mt. Sinai | ||
| Harbatzas Torah | |||
| Harbei Shluchim laMakom | Harbē Shluḥim laṀâqom | "The Omnipresent has many messengers" | הַרְבֵּה שְׁלוּחִים לַמָּקוֹם |
| hasagos | |||
| Hashavas Aveidah/Hashavat Avedah | |||
| Hashem yerachem/yeracheim | "may God have mercy" | ||
| Hashem yikom damo/damah/damam | |||
| Hashem/HaShem/haShem | The Name (meaning: God) | ||
| Hashgacha Klalis/Klalit | |||
| Hashgacha Pratis/Pratit | |||
| hashkafah (pl. hashkafos/t) | |||
| Hashkomat Beth Hamidrash / Hashkomas Beis Hamidrash | Hashkâmath Beth Haṁiḏrâsh | הַשְׁכָּמַת בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ | |
| hashpa'ah (pl. hashpaos/hashpa'ot) | influence | ||
| Haskalah | the (Jewish) Enlightenment movement | הַשְׂכָּלָה | |
| haskama (pl. haskamos/t) | |||
| hasmada/hasmode | |||
| Hasra'ah | |||
| Hatafat Dam Brit / Hatofas Dam Bris | Haṭâphath Ḋam Brith | הֲטָפַת דַּם בְּרִית | |
| Hatzalah | |||
| hatzlachah | success | ||
| Hatzlachah rabah | "(I wish you) great success" | ||
| hava'at/havoas/hava'as shalom | |||
| hava-minah/havamina/havamineh/havamine | |||
| havaaye/havaayeh | ● "Shem Havaaye": YHVH | ||
| Havdalah | |||
| havel/hevel havalim )havolim) | "vanity of vanities" (from Koheles 1:2) | הֲבֵל הֲבָלִים | |
| havtacha (pl. havtachos/t) | |||
| Hayah, Hoveh, v'Yihye | Hâyâh How̠eh ḇ'Yihyeh | (lit. 'Was, is, and will be") reference to God | הָיָה הוֹוֶה וִיהְיֶה |
| Hazkoras/Hazkaras neshamos/Hazkarat neshamot | |||
| hechsher (pl. hechsherim) | |||
| hefach | |||
| hefker | ● 'hefkerus/t': | ||
| hefsed (pl. hefsedim) | הֶפְסֵד \ הֶפְסֵדִים | ||
| hefsek (pl. hefsekim) | hephsēq | interruption, pause | הֶפְסֵק \ הֲפְסָקִים |
| Hechal/Heichal/Hekhal (pl. Hechalim/Hechalot/s) | Hēkhâl | 1. hall, large reception area 2. central sanctuary of the holy temple 3. ark/cabinet in a synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls; synonym: Aron Hakodesh | הֵיכָל (הֵיכָלִים\הֵיכָלוֹת) |
| heimish | |||
| Hekdesh/hekdesh | Heqḋēsh | property or possessions that have been dedicated to the Temple | הֶקְדֵּשׁ |
| Hereg | |||
| heskem (pl. haskamos/t) | |||
| hesped (pl. hespedim) | הֶסְפֵּד \ הֶסְפֵּדִים | ||
| hester panim | |||
| heter (pl. heterim) | hetēr | הֶתֵּר \ הֶתֵּרִים | |
| Heter Iska/heter iska | הֶתֵּר עִסְקָא | ||
| heyos/heyot | hĕyoth/hĕyoṱ | 'heyos that': being as it may that | הֱיוֹת |
| hezber (pl. hesberim) | הֶסְבֵּר \ הֶסְבֵּרִים | ||
| Hiddur/Hidur mitzvah | |||
| Hillula/hillula | Hil̇ulâh | (lit. revelry) celebration, usually one that Kabbalists or Hassidim hold on the anniversary of the death of a righteous person or when making a siyum on said person's work. During the Hillula, it is customary to "revel" in the teachings of the tsaddik in question; also known as Yom Hillula 2. Seudat Mitzvah, usually referring to the last meal of Pesach (as it is customary among Chassidim to 'revel' in stories/practises of Tzadikkim during said meal) | הִלּוּלָה\הילולה |
| Hineni | Hiṅēni/Hineni | "Here I am"; Jewish expression of resilience and fortitude in the face of antisemitism | הִנֵּנִי\הִנְנִי |
| hirhur | ● 'Hirhur Teshuvah': | הִרְהוּר \ הִרְהוּרִים | |
| hisarvus/hitarbut | hithʿârḇuth/hithʿârḇuṱ | 1. (lit. entanglement) communal involvement combined with a feeling of being united in purpose and responsibility 2. togetherness, feeling of solidarity; being united in purpose and responsibility; synonym: areivus | הִתְעָרְבוּת |
| hisbodedus/hitbodedut | |||
| hishtadlus/hishtadlut | |||
| hislahavus/hislahavut | |||
| hisorerus/hitorerut/hithorerut | |||
| hispa'alus/hitpa'alut | |||
| Hoche Shmoneh Esreh | ― | (Yiddish) synonym of Chazaras Hashatz | הוֹיכֶע שְׁמוֹנָה עֶשְׂרֵה |
| Hod | Hod/Hōḓ | one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing splendor and glory which leads to humility and submissiveness | הוֹד |
| Hodu laShem ki l'olam/le'olam chasdo | |||
| hoz bachur ("hoez bucher") | |||
| hora | |||
| horreven | |||
| horreving | |||
| hoshaanes ("shaanes") | |||
| Hoshanah Rabbah | |||
| Hotza'ah | transferring; carrying from a private domain to a public domain; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | הוצאה | |
| Ichvisa d'Meshicha | |||
| ikar | |||
| im yirtzeh Hashem | God willing | ||
| Imahos/Imahot | |||
| invei hagefen b'invei hagefen | ʿInw̠ē haġephen bʿinw̠ē haġephen | (lit. grapevines (intertwined) with grapevines) (compliment) said about a (newlywed) couple that match each other perfectly | עִנְבֵי הַגֶּפֶן בְּעִנְבֵי הַגֶּפֶן |
| inyan (pl. inyanim) | |||
| Ir Hanidachat/Ir hanidachas | |||
| Ish Elohim (c.: Ish Elokim) | |||
| Isiyim | Iṡiyim | Essenes | אִסִּיִים |
| Isru chag | |||
| issur/isur (pl. issurim) | |||
| Ivri (pl. Ivrim) | עִבְרִי \ עִבְרִים | ||
| iyun tefillah | |||
| k'das Moshe v'Yisrael | כְּדַת מֹשֶׁה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל | ||
| k'das uch'din | |||
| K'lei/Klei Hakerem | |||
| k'mayim panim el (ha)panim | |||
| k'padah (pl. k'pados/t) | q'phâḓâh (q'pâdâh) | 1. shortened version of 'hakpadah' 2. 'k'peida' | קְפָדָה (קפָּדָה) |
| k'peidah/k'peida (pl. k'peidos/t) | q'phiḓâh/q'phēḓâh | grievance, grudge | קְפִידָה \ קְפֵדָה |
| K'sones/Kesones/Ketonet Pasim | |||
| ka'as | kaʿas | anger | כַּעַס |
| Kabbalah/Qabalah (chs: 'Kabuleh') | קַבָּלָה | ||
| Kaddish/Qadish/Qaddish | |||
| Kaddish d'Ischadata | |||
| Kaddish d'Rabannan | |||
| Kaddish haGadol | |||
| Kaddish Shalem | |||
| Kaddish Tiskabal | |||
| Kaddish Yasom | |||
| Kadesh/Kadeish | Qaḋēsh | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | קַדֵּשׁ |
| Kadeish Ur'chatz | Qaḋēsh Ureḥaṣ | first 2 Simanim of Pesach ; are referred to in this way as, in certain respects, they are considered one unit | קַדֵּשׁ וּרְחַץ |
| Kal Vachomer/Kal v'Chomer (ashk/yesh): Kal Vochoimer) | |||
| kallah (pl. kallos/t) | bride | כַּלָּה \ כַּלוֹת | |
| kana'i/kanaï (pl. kanaim/kanaïm) | zealot | ||
| kapittl (pl. kapittlach) | |||
| Kapparos/Kapparot | |||
| kappel/koppel (pl. kappellach) | (yiddish) yarmulkah | ||
| Kares/Karet (Ashk. rel.: Kores/Koreis; chs: Kures) | Kârēth/Kârēṱ | extirpation, spiritual excision; biblical punishment where a person is spiritually "cut off" from the community and where they are expected to receive a premature death at the hands of God | כָּרֵת |
| karov/karev/korev/kurev | (generally speaking) family member | ||
| Karpas | Karpas | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | כַּרְפַּס |
| kashe/kasha | |||
| kasher/kashering | |||
| kosher l'eidus/kasher l'edut | כָּשֵׁר לְעֵדוּת | ||
| Kashrus/kashrut | |||
| katan (pl. ketanim) | |||
| kavanah (pl. kavanos/t) | |||
| kavod | (noun)(uncount.) honor | ||
| kavod habriyos/habriyot | |||
| Kavod Hatorah/Kov'd haTorah (K'vod haTorah) | |||
| kavuah/kavua | |||
| kavyachol | |||
| Ke'arah/Ke'areh | |||
| ke'ilu | |||
| kebetzah/k'beitzah (pl. kebeitzos/t) | kabēṣah/k'ḇēṣah | (biblical measurements) (lit. 'like an egg') the size of an egg | כַּבֵּיצָה\כְּבֵיצָה |
| kedai/k'dai | |||
| Kedushah/kedusha | 1. Holyness 2. | ||
| Kehal Hakadosh | |||
| Kehal/Kahal | ● 'Kehal Hashem': | ||
| kehilla/kehillah (pl. kehillos/t) | |||
| keili shlishi | |||
| keili/kli (pl. kelim/keilim) | |||
| Kein Ayin hora ("kenayneh hora") | |||
| kelayim/kilayim | |||
| kemach yashan | |||
| Kerisos/kerisot/Keresot/Kereisos | Kerētoth/Kârētoth/Kherētoth/Kerēṱoth/Kârēṱoth/Kherēṱoth | 1. plural of 'kares' 2. Tractate of the Mishna pertaining to the laws of 'kares' | כְּרֵתוֹת\כָּרֵתוֹת\כְרֵתוֹת |
| Kerisus/keritut | " " | more common but technically incorrect version of 'Kerisos' | כְּרֵתוֹת\כָּרֵתוֹת\כְרֵתוֹת |
| Keruvim/Qeruvim | |||
| kesamim | |||
| keseder | |||
| Keser/Keter | Keter/Kether/Keṱer | (lit. crown) highest of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing the 'Divine will', 'infinite light', and highest level of consciousness | כֶּתֶר |
| Keser/Keter Torah | |||
| kesher (pl. kesharim) | ● Kesher shel Kayamah | קֶשֶׁר \ קְשָׁרִים | |
| Kesivah/Kesiva vechasima tova | |||
| Kesones/Ketonet | Priestly tunic; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services | (כְּתֹנֶת (כֻּתֹּנֶת | |
| kesubah/ketubah/kesuba (pl. kesubos/t) | |||
| ketannah/ketana (pl. ketanos/t) | |||
| Ketores/ketoret | |||
| Ketz hayamim | |||
| Ketzirat HaOmer/K'tziras Ha'Omer | |||
| kevisah | |||
| keviyus/keviyut | קְבִיעוּת | ||
| Kevurah/kvurah | burial | ||
| kezayis/kezayit/k'zayis (pl. kezeysim) | |||
| kibbud/kibud (pl. kibudim) | kibud/kibuḓ | (an) honoring ● Kibud melachim (lit. 'honoring of kings') royal honoring; attending to someone's every need | כִּבּוּד |
| Kibbud av va'em/va'eim | Kibud/Kibuḓ/Kibuḏ aḇ w̠â'ēm | honoring (one's) father and mother; one of the Ten Commandments | כִּיבּוּד אָב וָאֵם |
| Kiddush | |||
| Kiddush Hashem | |||
| Kiddush Levanah | |||
| Kiddushin | |||
| Kimcha d'Pischa/kimcha d'pischa | Qimḥâ ḋ'Phisḥâ | (lit. 'Paschal flour') traditional Jewish charitable practice of providing the necessary provisions for the Passover holiday to those in need | קִמְחָא דְּפִסְחָא |
| Kinnos/Kinnot/kinnos | Qinoth/Qiṅoth | dirges, elegies; usually referring to Kinnot Tisha b'Av (קִינוֹת לְתִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב); | קִינוֹת\קִינּוֹת |
| kinyan (pl. kinyanim) | |||
| kippah/kippa (pl. kippos/t) | yarmulkah | ||
| Kiruv/kiruv | Qiruḇ | (bringing close, near) outreach to (ethnic) Jews, usually to ones that have little to no knowledge of religious matters, with the aim of strengthening their Jewish identity and observance ● Kiruv rechokim ("outreach to the far-away ones"); outreach to (ethnic) Jews who have little to no knowledge of religious matters and traditions | קִירוּב |
| Kisei HaKavod | |||
| kishuf | |||
| kisuy rosh (pl. kisuyei rosh) | כִּסּוּי רֹאשׁ \ כִּסּוּיֵי רֹאשׁ | ||
| kita/kittah | |||
| kittel/kittl (pl. kittlach) | |||
| kitniyos/kitniyot | |||
| kitrog (pl. kitrugim) | lit. 'accusation, indictment'; accusation in the "heavenly court" that can negatively impact one's standing in the "heavenly books" | קִטְרוּג \ קִטְרוּגִים | |
| kivrei tzaddikim | |||
| klaf (pl. klafim) | qlâph | parchment | קְלָף \ קְלָפִים |
| klal (pl. klalim/klalos/t) | klâl / klâlim (klâloth) | 1. prinicple, rule ● 'Yotzeh min haklal' (lit. 'takes out of the rule'): other than, different from the collective (group) 2. collective (of people) | כְּלָל (כְּלָלִים\כְּלָלוֹת) |
| Klal Yisrael | |||
| klallah (pl. klallos/t) | (n) curse | ||
| klaster panim | qlastēr pânim | (lit. '(facial) appearance/radiance of the face') facial appearance, the impression (that) a person's face makes | קְלַסְתֵּר פָּנִים |
| kler/klèr (n) | |||
| kler/klèr/klèring (v) | |||
| kli busha uch'lima | |||
| kli sheini | |||
| klippah/qlippah (pl. klippos/t) | |||
| Koach HaTefillah | power of prayer | ||
| kodem kol | |||
| Kodesh (Ha)Kadoshim | (of the temple) Holy of Holies | ||
| Kodshim/Kadoshim | |||
| kofer (pl. kofrim) | qophēr / qophrim | (lit. denier) a heretic | כּוֹפֵר \ כּוֹפְרִים |
| kofuy tova/tovah (pl. kefuyei tovah) | k'phuy ṭoḇâh | ungrateful person | כְּפוּי טוֹבָה \ כְּפוּיֵי טוֹבָה |
| Kohen Gadol (pl. Kohanim Gedolim) | High Priest of Israel | ||
| Kohen/kohen (pl. Kohanim) | person of Aaronite descent, elligible to serve as a priest (or High-Priest) in the Tabernacle and later, in the Jewish Temple | ||
| kol hakavod | |||
| kol hakodem zacha | |||
| Kol haposhet/haposhit/haposheit yad nosnin lo/nosnim lo | כֹּל הַפּוֹשֵׁט יָד נוֹתְנִין לוֹ (נוֹתְנִים לוֹ) | ||
| kol ishah | woman's voice | ||
| Kol korei | |||
| kol tuv | |||
| koneh shamayim va'aretz | |||
| koneh/koineh | to acquire | ||
| korban (pl. korbanos) | qârbân / qârbânim | offering | קָרְבָּן \ קָרְבָּנוֹת |
| Korban Asham | |||
| Korban Challah | |||
| Korban Chatas/t (yeshivish: Chatos) | Qârban Haṭ̇âʾth | קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת | |
| Korban Mincha | |||
| Korban Musaf/Mussaf | |||
| Korban Nazir | |||
| Korban Olah | |||
| Korban Olah v'Yored/Veyored | |||
| korban/Korban Pesach | |||
| Korban Shelamim/Shlamim | |||
| Korban Tamid | |||
| Korban Todah | |||
| Korbanos/Korbanot (chs): korbunes) | |||
| Koreah | (lit. (s)he tears) tearing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | קורע | |
| Korech/Koreich | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | כּוֹרֵךְ | |
| Kos shel Brachah | goblet/cup of blessing | ||
| Kosheir (yesh. rel.: Koisheir) | tying; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | קושר | |
| Kosher/kosher | |||
| Kotel/Kosel | the Western Wall; Wailing Wall | ||
| Kotev/Kosev/Koseiv | writing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | כותב | |
| Kotzer | reaping; harvesting; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | קוצר | |
| koveah seudah/kovea seuda | |||
| koveah/kovea | |||
| koveah itim laTorah | |||
| Kri'ah/K'riah/Qeriah | tearing (usually used in the context of mourning, where the mourner tears their garment upon hearing of the death of a relative) | קריעה | |
| Krias Yam-Suf/Kriat Yam-suf | the splitting of the red-sea | ||
| Kriyah/Kri'ah² (n) (pl. kriyos/t) | (noun) reading (usually, from the Torah, and out loud) | קְרִיאָה \ קְרִיאוֹת | |
| Kriyat/Kriyas HaTorah | reading of the Torah (Bible) | קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה | |
| ksav/ktav (pl. k'savim/k'tavim) | כְּתָב \ כְּתָבִים | ||
| ktav/ksav yad | |||
| kulah | leniency | ||
| kumzitz | |||
| Kvater/Kvaterin | ― | person honored with carrying a baby-boy to his circumcision, usually the godfather &/or godmother | קוואַטעֶר\קוואַטעֶרִין |
| Kvitzat/kvitzas haderech | |||
| L"T (Avos) Melachos/t | |||
| l'Asid lavo/Le'atid lavo | lit. 'in the future to come' | לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא | |
| l'Chaim ul'Shalom/l'chaim u'l'shalom | |||
| l'chaim/lechaim/lechayim | 1. [Lechaim!] (lit. "To life!") "Cheers." 2. an alcoholic toast ● "Come, let's make a l'chaim." | ||
| l'chatchilah/lechatchila/l'katchilah/lekatchila | |||
| l'chol/l'kol hadeos | |||
| l'dorot/l'doros/l'doires | for generations | ||
| L'harchik ha'adam min ha'aveirah | |||
| l'havdil/lehavdil | ● "Lehavdil elef alfei Havdalos" | ||
| l'Iluy Nishmas/l'iluy nishmat | |||
| l'kavod/lekavod | |||
| l'Kov'd/Lekavod Shabbos/Shabbat | |||
| l'kulei alma | |||
| l'maaseh/lemaaseh/le'ma'aseh | |||
| l'Sheim Matzos Mitzvah | |||
| l'shem shamayim | for the sake (lit. name) of heaven | ||
| la'av davka/laav davke | |||
| Lag BaOmer/ba'Omer (alt. L"G BaOmer) | |||
| lailah (ha)rishonah | first night (of the wedding) | ||
| lamdan | |||
| Lamed-Vavnik | |||
| Lash/Losh | kneading; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | לש | |
| Lashon HaKodesh | lit. holy tongue; (biblical) Hebrew | ||
| Lashon Hora | |||
| lebedig | |||
| Lechem Hapanim | |||
| Lechem Mishneh | |||
| Lechem Oni | לֶחֶם עֹנִי | ||
| lechora / lechorah / l'chora / lekhorah / lichora / lich'ora / lechoire / lichoira |
likhʾorâ | (lit. 'to the light') it would seem | לִכְאוֹרָה |
| lecht (pl. lecht'lach) | candles | ||
| legabeh | |||
| lehachris | |||
| lehavdil elef havdalos/t | shortened version of ' lehavdil elef alfei havdalos ' | ||
| Leil Shimurim | |||
| Leil Shishi/leil shishi | |||
| leining | reading aloud (usually from the Torah) | ||
| leitz/letz (pl. letzim) | |||
| leitzanus/letzanut | |||
| lemaaseh/l'ma'aseh/l'maiseh/lemaiseh | |||
| letoeles/letoelet/l'to'eles/leto'eles | |||
| levayah (pl. levayos/t) | funeral | ||
| Levi/levi (pl. leviim/leviïm) | |||
| Levoyas Hameis|Hamet/s | |||
| limmud/limud (pl. limudim) | |||
| limudei kodesh | |||
| Lishkas HaGazis/Lishkat HaGazit | Lishkath HaĠâẓith | lit.: "Chamber of Hewn Stone"; chamber within the Temple in Jerusalem where the Sanhedrin (highest Jewish judicial body) convened | לִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית |
| Lishkat/Lishkas Hora'ah | |||
| lishmah | לִשְׁמָה | ||
| Litvak | |||
| Litvish | |||
| lo alenu/lo aleynu | |||
| Lo dovim v'lo ya'ar/Lo duvim v'lo yo'ar | |||
| loskshen/lukshen | 1. noodles, spaghetti (usually; soup noodles) 2. made up stories | ||
| luach | luaḥ | (lit. 'tablet') 1. calendar 2. informational board of some sort | לוּחַ |
| Luchos/Luchot | |||
| lulav (pl. lulavim) | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| M"T (memtes) Shaarei Tumah | |||
| Ma Nishtanah/Ma Nishtana/Ma-Nishtana | |||
| maal'ah/maalah (pl. maalos/t ("maales")) | favourable/beneficial aspect; advantage | מַעֲלָה \ מַעֲלוֹת | |
| ma'amad | |||
| Ma'amorei Chazal | |||
| Ma'ariv/maariv | Maʿariḇ | 1. west 2. (col.) night-prayer; synonym of 'Arvis' | מַעֲרִיב |
| Ma'aser/maaser | ● Maaser Sheni: Maaser ani: | ||
| ma'or | luminary | ||
| maamin/ma'amin (pl. ma'aminim) | believer | ||
| maaseh/ma'aseh (pl. ma'asim (yid. 'maases')) | 1. story 2. deed, act | (yid: מַעֲשִׂיּוֹת) מַעֲשֶׂה \ מַעֲשִׂים | |
| maaseh gavra | |||
| Maaser Sheni | |||
| maasim tovim | good deeds | ||
| Maavir Sedreh/ma'avir sedreh/maavir-sedreh | |||
| Mabul/mabbul | |||
| machlokes/machloket (pl. macahlokos/t) | dispute; can be a general dispute or all-out feud | מַחֲלוֹקֶת \ מַחֲלוֹקוֹת | |
| machmir (v) | |||
| machmir (n) (pl. machmirim) | |||
| machshiv | value something positively; recognize something's worth ● "machshiv Torah"; person that values 'Torah' | ||
| Machtzit/Machtzis Hashekel | Maḥăṣith Haṧeqel | מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל | |
| machzor (pl. machzorim) | |||
| madregah/madreigah/madreiga (pl. madregos/t) | |||
| Mafshit | flaying; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מפשט | |
| Maftir/maftir | מפטיר | ||
| Magen David (yeshivish: Mogein Dovid) (pl. Mag'nei David) | מָגֵן דָּוִד \ מָגִנֵּי דָּוִד | ||
| Maggid shiur (pl. maggidei shiur) | |||
| maggid/Maggid (pl. maggidim) | maġid/maġiḓ | storyteller, orator | מַגִּיד |
| Maggid² | Maġid/Maġiḓ | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מַגִּיד |
| (l')mai nafka mina | |||
| Maisach | mounting warp threads; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מיסך | |
| Makas Bechoros/Makat Bechorot | |||
| Makat Hoshekh/Makas Choshech | |||
| Makeh bepatish | completing a vessel; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מכה בפטיש | |
| makir tov (v) | |||
| makir tov (n) (pl. makirei tov) | |||
| makka (pl. makkos/t) | |||
| Makom/makom kavua | |||
| makpid | |||
| makriv | |||
| malach (pl. malachim) | angel | ||
| Malachei Hashareis/Hasharet (ashk, rel.: Hashoreis) | Malăkhē Haṧârēth | מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת | |
| Malchut/malchus | Malkhuth/malkhuṱ | 1. kingdom 2. royalness, regality 3. Malchut: one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing sovereignty, leadership, and physical manifestation | מַלְכוּת |
| Malkut/malkus ("malkes") | (punishment of) lashings | ||
| mamash | |||
| mamme lushen | mother tongue (usually referring to Yiddish) | ||
| mamshich | ● "I'm mamshich" = I'm continuing | ||
| mamzer (pl. mamzerim) | |||
| man/Man (yeshivish: mon/Mon) | |||
| manhig (pl. manhigim) | |||
| Maoz Tzur/Tsur | |||
| mapole/mapule | |||
| Mara d'asra | |||
| Maran Harav | |||
| marbitz/Marbitz Torah (pl. marbitzei Torah) | |||
| maris ayin/mar'it ayin/maris-ayin | marʾith (hâ)ʿāyin/marʾiṱ (hâ)ʿāyin | principle that advises against actions that might appear improper to others, even if they are technically permissible; the idea is to avoid actions that could lead to suspicion or false assumptions about one’s behavior | מַרְאִית הָעַיִן\מַרְאִית-עַיִן |
| Marror/marror | 1. 'bitter herb' eaten on Passover 2. 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מָרוֹר | |
| masa u'matan | |||
| Masechta (pl. masechtos/t) | (Aramaic) Tractate of the Talmud or Mishna | ||
| Masekhet/maseches (pl. masechos/t) | Tractate of the Talmud or Mishna | מַסֶּכֶת \ מַסָּכוֹת | |
| mashal/mashul (pl. mashalim) | parable | ||
| Mashgiach/mashgiach (pl. mashgichim) | |||
| Mashiach/Moshiach/moshiach | the messiah | ||
| Mashpia/mashpia (pl. mashpiim/mashpiïm) | |||
| masiach da'as | maṡiaḥ ḋaʿath/ḋaʿaṱ | מַסִּיחַ דַּעַת | |
| Maskilim | |||
| maskim | "(I'm) maskim" = I agree | ||
| masmid (pl. masmidim) | |||
| masorti | |||
| masser/masser'n | |||
| Matan Torah (chs: mat'n toire) | |||
| Matanat la'Evyonim/Matanas l'evyonim | |||
| Matir | untying; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מַתִּיר | |
| matir/mattir | to permit something which was(/or some still consider to be) forbidden | ||
| mattir neder | (by a wise person, or Beth Din) to nullify/undo a vow | ||
| matzah (pl. matzos/t) | |||
| matzah ball soup | |||
| matzah balls | |||
| Matzah Sh'ruyah/matzah sh'ruyah | Maṩâh sheruyâh | מַצָּה שְׁרוּיָה | |
| matzav (pl. matzavim) | |||
| matzevah/matzeivah (pl. matzevos/t) | |||
| matzliach | to succeed, ● to be matzliach: to be successful | ||
| Mavir | Maḇʿir | kindling a fire; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מבעיר |
| Mayim/mayim achronim | |||
| Mazzal-Tov/Mazzaltov/Mazeltov | congratulations | ||
| mazzel/mazzal | luck | ||
| Me'abeid/Me'abaid | tanning; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מְאַבֵּד | |
| me'akev | |||
| Me'amer | gathering; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מעמר | |
| Me'en Olam Haba/Mei'ein Olam Haba | Mēʿēn ʿOlâm Habâh | (lit. 'kind of'/'like' heaven) foretaste of heaven; said about sth you find so enjoyable, you think it could have a tiny similarity to heaven | מֵעֵין עוֹלָם הַבָּא |
| Me'il | Priestly robe; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | מְעִיל | |
| Me'ilah | |||
| me'orer | |||
| Mechabeh | extinguishing a flame; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מכבה | |
| mechaber | |||
| mechaleik | to differ | ||
| mechalel Shabbos/Shabbat | 1. to desecrate the sabbath 2. (Mechalel Shabbos) person that desecrates the Sabbath | ||
| mechanech (pl. mechanchim) | educators | ||
| mechaneches/t (pl. mechanchos/t) | educators | ||
| Mechataich/Mechateich | (precise) cutting; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מחטך | |
| Mechayeh/mechayei meisim/metim | lit.: "resurrects/resurrecting the dead" ● "Boruch Mechayei (ha)Meisim" ("Blessed is the One that Resurrects the Dead"); said jokingly to someone when they finally wake up after having slept for a long time, or alternatively, after someone gets up after they've had a bad fall and laid still for while before finally getting up | ||
| mechayev/mechayeiv | |||
| mechazeik/mechazek | |||
| mechila | 1. forgiveness 2. (noun)(count.) (pl. mechilos/t) one act of forgiveness | ||
| mechina (pl. mechinos/t) | |||
| mechitzah (pl. mechitzos/t) | |||
| mechubad | |||
| mechutan (pl. mechutanim) | |||
| mechutzaf (pl. mechutzafim) | |||
| medina (pl. medinos/t) | |||
| Medinas Yisra'el/Yisroel | State of Israel | ||
| mefarshim | |||
| mefurash | |||
| mefursam | |||
| megillah (pl. megillos/t) | |||
| Mehadrin (min HaMehadrin) | |||
| mehalech | approach (of learning) (lit. the going) ● "what's his mehalech?"; 'What's his (learning) approach/method?' | ||
| mehus | |||
| meikil (pl. meikilim) | |||
| meila | |||
| meivin (pl. mevivim) | |||
| meizid (pl. meizidim) | |||
| mekabel | |||
| mekabel panim | |||
| mekabel tumah | |||
| Mekadeish Shem Shamayim | |||
| mekadesh/mekadeish | |||
| Mekakh Ta'ut/mekach ta'us | |||
| mekatreig (pl. mekatregim) | מְקַטְרֵג \ מְקַטְרְגִים | ||
| mekomot/mekomos hakedoshim | |||
| mekor (pl. mekoros/t) | |||
| Mekubbal/mekubal (pl. mekubbalim) | מְקוּבָּל | ||
| Melabein | laundering; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מלבן | |
| melacha (pl. melachos/t) | |||
| Melaveh Malka (pl. melavei malkah) | מְלַוֵּה מַלְכָּא \ מְלַוֵּי מַלְכָּא | ||
| Melech Malchei HaMelachim | (lit. King ruler of Kings) King of Kings (meaning: God) | ||
| Melitz/melitz yosher (pl. melitzei yosher) | |||
| memachaik/memacheik | smoothing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | ממחק | |
| memelah/memeilah/m'meilah | |||
| menahel (pl. menahelim) | |||
| menaheles/t (pl. menahelos/t) | |||
| Menapeitz | combing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מנפץ | |
| Menorah/menorah (pl. menoros/t) | |||
| mensch/mentsch | |||
| menschlichkeit/mentschlichkeit | |||
| menucha | |||
| Meoras Hamachpelah/Me'orat Hamakhpelah | Meʿârath Haṁakhpēlâh | Cave of Machpelah, a.k.a. Cave of the Patriarchs, located in Hebron; one of the holiest sites in Judaism as it is the burial place of the patriarchs and matriarchs | מְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה |
| Merakeid | sifting; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מרקד | |
| Merkazi | ― | (lit. centered one) main prayer/study-room of a synagogue | מֶרְכַּזִי |
| merkhava/merchava/merkava | |||
| mesaken/mesak'n/mesakein | |||
| Mesartait/Mesarteit | scoring; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | משרטט | |
| meshabe'ach/meshabeäch | |||
| meshamesh/meshameish | |||
| meshuga/meshigge | |||
| meshuggener | |||
| meshugaim/meshugaïm | |||
| meshulach (pl. meshulachim) | 1. person that travels around collecting money for the poor and needy 2. Chabad shliach | ||
| Mesirah/mesira | |||
| Mesivta/mesivta | |||
| mesorah (pl. mesoros/t) | |||
| metaheir/metaher | |||
| metamei | |||
| metaretz | |||
| metsuveh v'oseh | |||
| Metzitza b'peh | |||
| Metzorah (pl. metzoraim) | |||
| mevater | |||
| mevazeh | |||
| mezakeh | |||
| Mezonos/Mezonot | |||
| Mezuman (Mezumen) | ● "Mezumen Bentshing" | ||
| Mezuzah/mezuzah (pl. mezuzos/t) | |||
| Mi-Sheberach/misheberach/ mishebeirach/mi-sheberakh |
|||
| Michnasayim | Mikhnâsayim (Mikhnesē Ḇâd/Ḇâḓ/Habaḓ) | (lit.: pants) Priestly undergarments; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services (in the Torah, called "michnesei vad/habad" meaning 'cloth pants', 'pants that (are) cloth'n' respectively) | (מִכְנָסַיִם (מִכְנְסֵי בָד\מִכְנְסֵי הַבָּד |
| michschol (pl. michsholos/t) | |||
| midbar (pl. midbarim) | מִדְבָּר \ מִדְבָּרִים | ||
| middah (pl. middos/t) | miḋâh | literally: 'measure'; 1. (character) trait 2. attribute ● middah k'negged middah (usually referring to God's wrath); measure for measure | מִדָּה |
| middos/middot | character traits, morals (plural of middah) ● middos tovos: good (character) traits | ||
| mikvah (pl. mikvaos/t) | |||
| milchig | ― | (Yiddish) having the halachik status of dairy, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or actually being dairy; SYN: chalavi | |
| milchigs | ― | (Yiddish) 1. (noun) milchig foods 2. (adj.) malapropism of milchig | |
| milui v'irui/miluy v'iruy | |||
| mimah nafshach ("mimanefshech") | |||
| Mincha Gedola | |||
| Mincha Ketanah | |||
| Mincha/mincha | |||
| minhag (pl. minhagim) | |||
| minyan (pl. minyanim) | |||
| mipnei seivah takum | |||
| misbonen/mitbonen | |||
| misheyakir | |||
| Mishkan (pl. mishkanim) | |||
| mishkav zachor | |||
| Mishloach manos/manot | מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת | ||
| Mishnah/mishna (pl. mishnayos/t) | |||
| Mishneh Torah | |||
| mishpachah (pl. mishpachos/t) | |||
| mishpat (pl. mishpatim) | |||
| Misnagdim | |||
| mispallel/mitpallel (pl. mispallelim) | |||
| misyavnim/mityavnim | mithyâw̠nim | (lit. the hellenized ones) hellenists | מִתְיָוְנִים |
| Mitznefes/Mitznefet | Priestly turban; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services; the turban the regular Aaronite Priests wore was called a ' migbahath ' | מִצְנֶפֶת | |
| mitzvah/mitsvah (pl. mitvos/t) | ● Mitzvah min Hamuvchar | ||
| Mitzvah tanz/tantz | |||
| mitzvos umaasim tovim | |||
| Mizbeach (pl. mizbechos/t) | |||
| mizrach | east | ||
| Mizrachi/mizrachi/mizrahi (pl. mizrachim (yid. 'mizrachniks') | |||
| Mo'ed/Moed | |||
| Moadim l’simcha - Chagim u’zemanim l’sason | |||
| moche | |||
| mochek | erasing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | מוחק | |
| mochel | |||
| modeh | |||
| mofes (yesh: moifes) (pl. mofsim) | |||
| mohel ((pl. mohelim) | |||
| Morah | |||
| Morei/Moiray v'Rabboisay | |||
| Moreinu v'Rabbeinu | |||
| Morenu/Moreinu | ● Moreinu Harav | ||
| mosad ((pl. mosdos/t) | |||
| moser ((pl. mosrim) | מוֹסֵר \ מוֹסְרִים | ||
| Moser Nefesh/moser nefesh | Mosēr nephesh | מוֹסֵר נֶפֶשׁ | |
| Motsi Shem Ra (pl. motzaei shem ra) | 1. slander 2. slanderer | מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע \ מוֹצָאֵי שֵׁם רָע | |
| Motsi-Matzah/Motzi-Matzah | Moṣiʾ Maṩâh | 1 or 2 (depending on who you ask) of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מוֹצִיא מַצָּה |
| Motzaei/Motze/Motse | Motze Shabbos: end of Shabbat; Motze Yom-Tov: end of Yom-Tov; Motze Ta'anis: end of a(n official) fast | ||
| muktzah/muktzeh | |||
| mumcha (pl. mumchim) | |||
| musag (pl. musagim) | מוּסַג \ מוּסַגִּים | ||
| musmach (pl. musmachim) | |||
| Mussaf/mussaf (pl. mussafim) | |||
| Mussar Haskeil/Haskel | |||
| Mussar/mussar/musar | musar | 1. morals, ethics, ethical teachings 2. to "give someone mussar" = to lecture someone, preach ethical teachings to them ● musar drashah (מוּסר דרָשׁה): diatribe, morality speech; musar shmuess (מוּסר שׁמוּעס): lecture on morality | מוּסַר |
| muttar | |||
| naar/na'ar (pl. ne'arim) | 1. boy, male youth 2. idiot | נַעַר\נְעָרִים | |
| na'arah/naarah (pl. ne'aros/t) | girl, young woman (in Talmudic law; a girl between the age of 12 and 12.5) | נַעֲרָה\נְעָרוֹת | |
| nachas/nachat | |||
| nachas ruach/nachat ruach | |||
| Nashim | |||
| natla | |||
| Navi/navi (pl. neviim/neviïm/nevi'im) | |||
| nazir (pl. nezirim) | |||
| nebach | |||
| nebachdik | |||
| nebbie | |||
| nechama/nechome (pl. nechamos/t) | |||
| nedavah (pl. nedavos/t) | |||
| neder (pl. nedarim/t) | |||
| negelvasser | |||
| negiah | |||
| Nehe'eneh miZiv HaShechinah | Nehĕneh miẒ̣iw̠ HaSh'khinâh | נֶהֱנֶה מִזִיו הַשְׁכִינָה | |
| nekamah | neqâmâh | 1. (noun)(uncount.) revenge 2. (noun)(count.) (pl. nekamos/t) an act of revenge | נְקָמָה\נְקָמוֹת |
| nekevah/nekeiva (pl. nekeivos/nekevot) | |||
| nekudah (pl. nekudos/t) | |||
| ner (pl. neiros/nerot) | candle | ||
| nes/neis (pl. nissim) | nēs | miracle ● neis nigleh: open miracle | נֵס |
| neshamah/neshama (pl. neshamos/t) | soul ● Yetzias Neshama (lit. exit of the soul): moment of a person's passing | ||
| Neshamah Yeseirah | |||
| Nesiyat Kapayim | |||
| Netilat Yadayim/netilas yadayim | |||
| (ha)Netz HaChamah | |||
| Netzach/Netzah | Neṣaḥ | (lit. victory) one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing endurance, ambition, and the drive for success | נֵצַח |
| nevuah (pl. nevuos/nevuot) | |||
| Nezikin | |||
| Nezirut/nezirus | |||
| Nichum Aveilim | |||
| Niddah/niddah | Niḋâh | 1. menstrual blood 2. (pl. niddos/t (נִדּוֹת)) woman on her period 3. Tractate of the Mishna & Talmud dealing with the laws around menstruation | נִדָּה |
| nifla | |||
| nifla beyoser | |||
| Niflaos HaBorei/HaBoirei | Niphlʾōth HaBōrē/Niphlâōth HaBōrē | נִפְלְאוֹת הַבּוֹרֵא\נִפְלָאוֹת הַבּוֹרֵא | |
| niftar | niphṭâr | (lit. 'removed') 1. died ● "* was niftar": * has passed away 2. (pl. niftarim (נִפְטָרִים)) person that has (recently) died | נִפְטָר |
| niggun (pl. niggunim | |||
| nimshal (pl. nimshalim | |||
| niqqud | |||
| Nirtzah/Nirtza/nirtza | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | נִרְצָה | |
| nisayon (pl. nisyonos/t) | |||
| nisht 'n Shabbos geredt | |||
| nispoal/nispo'ol/nispo'l | |||
| nissim v'niflaos/t | |||
| Nisuch Hamayim | |||
| nivul peh | |||
| Nosar/noser | |||
| nose/nosei b'ol (im chavero) | Nōśē ḇʿōl ʿim ḥăḇērō | (lit. carrying, accepting the burdern) sharing the burden (with his friend); often used to mean 'sharing (in) another person's pain' | \נוֹשֵׂא בְעֹל (נושא בעול) נוֹשֵׂא בְעֹל עִם חֲבֵרוֹ |
| noseh | |||
| Novardok | ― | Lithuanian Jewish educational movement renowned for its emphasis on Mussar (character development, self-reflection, and study of ethics) alongside traditional Torah study; ● "Novard'ker": follower of the Novarvok approach/lifestyle | נאָוואַרדאָק (yiddish) \ נָבַהְרְדְוֹק |
| nu | |||
| nusach (pl. nusachim) | |||
| Nusach Ashkenaz | |||
| Nusach Sepharad | |||
| Nusach Sfard | |||
| ober chacham (chs: "oiber chuchem") | |||
| Ofeh | Opheh | baking; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat (counted together with bishul (cooking)) | אופה |
| ohel (pl. ohalim) | |||
| Ohel Mo'ed/Moed/Moi'eid | |||
| Ohev Shalom v'Rodef Shalom | |||
| Ol (pl. ulim) | (n) yoke, burden, responsibility ● Ol Malchus Shamayim (עוֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם): yoke of (the kingdom) heaven | עוֹל\עֹל \ עוּלּים\עֻלִּים | |
| Ol Torah | |||
| Olah (pl. olos/t) | |||
| Olah Regel | |||
| Olam Ha'Elyon (o.p.a. "Olem" Ha'Elyon) | |||
| Olam Haba | ʿOlâm Habâh | lit.: "The World to Come"; the next life, afterlife ● Me'ein Olam Haba: foretaste of Olam Haba | עוֹלָם הַבָּא |
| Olam Hazeh | ʿOlâm Haẓ̇eh | lit.: "This World"; opposite of afterlife; life on Earth | עוֹלָם הַזֶּה |
| Oleh/oleh (pl. olim) | ● Oleh chadash | ||
| Omein | yeshivish spelling of 'amen' | ||
| Onan (Onen) (pl. onenim) | אוֹנֵן \ אוֹנְנִים | ||
| Oneg Shabbos | |||
| Oneg Yomtov | |||
| ones/oness/oneis (pl. anosim/onasim) | onẹs (pl. ănâsim/aṅâsim/â̆nâsim/onâsim) | (lit. forced, compulsion) 1. situation where a person had no choice but to do sth or have sth inflicted upon them 2. (v.)(singular) rape 3. (n.) rape | אוֹנֵס\אֹנֶס \ אֲנָסִים\אַנָּסִים\אֳנָסִים\אוֹנָסִים |
| or/ohr (pl. oros/t) | oroth | light | אוֹר \ אוֹרוֹת |
| Orach Chaim | |||
| Oraig/Oreig | weaving; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | אורג | |
| Orei Miklat | |||
| Orlah (Orloh) | |||
| os/ot/ois (pl. otiot/osyos/oisyos) | letter (of an alphabet) | אוֹת \ אוֹתִיוֹת | |
| Oseh Shtei Batei | making 2 loops; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | עושה שתי בתי | |
| osik | |||
| Ovdei kochavim | |||
| Oved Hashem | |||
| over/oveir (oiver) | transgress | ||
| oy | ― | oh (no); short for oy vey | |
| oy vey (iz mir) (chs: oy/oi vay) | ― | lit. "oh woe (is (to) me)"; expression expressing anguish or frustration; similar phrase: 'oh no'; often used as a dog-whistle by antisemites | |
| p'gam/pgam (pl. p'gamim) | blemish | פְּגָם \ פְּגָמִים | |
| p'sak/psak (pl. psakim) | פְּסַק \ פְּסָקִים | ||
| P'sukei d'zimra/Psukei d'zimra | |||
| pachad | |||
| pachdan | |||
| Pagum/pagum | |||
| Panim Yafos/Yafot (ashk. rel.: Yofois) | |||
| Parah Adumah/parah adumah | |||
| parashah/parshah/parsha (pl. parshios/t) | פרשה | ||
| pardes | parḋes | (lit. 'orchard') acronym representing four levels of Jewish scriptural interpretation: 'Pshat', 'Remez', 'Drash', and 'Sod' | פַּרְדֵּס |
| parnassah/parnasa | |||
| paroches/parochet (pl. parochos/t) | pârōkheth/pârōkheṱ | curtain (or veil) that covers the Ark (Aron Kodesh) in a synagogue, which houses the Torah scrolls | פָּרוֹכֶת |
| Paroh/Paroih/Paroy/paroih | Parʿoh/Pharʿoh | 1. (paroh) a pharaoh 2. (Paroh) when referring to a specific pharaoh, usually the pharaoh in the book of Exodus | פַּרְעֹה\פַרְעה |
| Parshat Hashavuah/Parshas hashovua | Parshath Haṧâḇuʿa | פַּרְשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ | |
| Pas Akum/pat Akum | path Akum | פַּת עַכּוּ״ם | |
| Pat/Pas Yisrael | Path Yiśrâʾēl | פַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל | |
| pashut | |||
| pasken | |||
| passuk (pl. pesukim) | |||
| passul/pasul | |||
| pasul l'eidus/l'edut | |||
| pattur | |||
| Pe'ah/Peah | |||
| pekkel/pekel (pl. pekelach) | |||
| peleh/pele | |||
| perek (pl. perakim) | chapter | ||
| perush/peirush (pl. peirushim) | |||
| Perushim/Prushim | Pharisees | ||
| Pesach | Passover | ||
| Pesach Sheni | |||
| peshara (pl. pesharos/t) | |||
| Pesicha | |||
| Peter Chamor/Petter Chamor | |||
| Peter Rechem/Petter Rechem | Pẹṭẹr Rẹḥẹm | lit.: "Redemption of the firstborn" Biblical commandment allowing parents to keep their firstborn child-son by paying a sum of money (or item of equivalent value) to an Aaronite priest (Kohen) | פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם |
| petirah (pl. petiros/t) | |||
| peyos/t | |||
| Pidyon HaBen | |||
| Pidyon Shvuyim | |||
| piggul | |||
| pikuach nefesh | |||
| pilegesh (pl. pilagshim) | concubine | ||
| pilpul (pl. pilpulim) | |||
| pintele yid/Yid | |||
| Pirkei Avos | פִּרְקֵי אָבוֹת | ||
| pirsumei nisah | Pirsumē Niṡâh | פִּרְסוּמֵי נִסָּא | |
| pittam | |||
| piyut/piyyut (pl. piyutim) | piẏuṭ | (Jewish) liturgical poems or hymns; also spelled 'Piyut/Piyutim' (when referring to specific piyutim) | פִּיּוּט\פִּיּוּטִים |
| Plag Hamincha | |||
| platte | (Yiddish) hotplate | ||
| pnimiyus/pnimiyut | |||
| po'el/poil (oos) | |||
| pogrom | |||
| posek (pl. poskim) | |||
| Potzea | Po | unravelling; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | פוצע |
| pritzus/pritzut | פְּרִיצוּת | ||
| pruzbul/prozbul | |||
| pshat (pl. pshatim) | |||
| pshetl (pl. pshetlach) | (yid) custom-made and professional speech, usually referring to a bar-mitzvah boy's or chassan's speech, and usually one that encompasses relatively advanced religious topics ● a ' bar-mitzvah-pshetl ', a ' chasune-pshetl ' etc. | ||
| pshuto k'mashma'oh/k'mashma'oi | pshuṭo k'mashmâʿo | simple as it sounds | פְּשׁוּטוֹ כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ |
| punkt | |||
| Purim | |||
| Purim seuda | |||
| Purim shpiel | |||
| puritz | פּוּרִיץ | ||
| pushke/pishke | (yid) | ||
| Qaddish akhar Haqvurah | |||
| Qaddish akhar Hashlamat Masechet | |||
| Qaddish al Yisrael | |||
| Qaddish Avelim | |||
| Qaddish L'ela | |||
| Qaddish Titkabbal | |||
| Qaddish Yakhid | |||
| ra'ayon/raayon (pl. ra'ayonos/t) | raʿeyon/raʿăyon | when a person has a 'ra'ayon ', they have an insight, reflection, contemplation that they want to share or they feel provides something interesting to think about | רַעְיוֹן\רַעֲיוֹן \ רַעְיוֹנוֹת |
| raayeh | indication that sth is true; proof | רְאָיָה | |
| Rabbosai/Rabbotai/rabbosai (rabboisai) | |||
| Rachmana/rachmana litzlan | |||
| rachmanus/rachmanut | raḥmânuth/raḥămânuth | pity, mercy | רַחְמָנוּת\רַחֲמָנוּת |
| Rachtza (Rochtzo) | Raḥṣâ/Raḥăṣâ | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | רַחֲצָה\רַחְצָה |
| Rasha/rasha (pl. rashos/t) | |||
| re'ach/reiäch | ● re'ach nichoach | ||
| Re'ayon (often (mis)pronounced as '(ha)Reyon/reiyon') | Rēʾâyon | synonym of Aliyah L'regel | רֵאָיוֹן |
| Rebbe/rebbe | |||
| Rechaim shel Yad | |||
| rechilus/rechilut | |||
| rechitzah | washing | ||
| redt | |||
| Refuah Sheleimah/refuah sheleima | (may you have) a complete recovery (lit. cure) | ||
| reiyus/t | re'ut | רֵעוּת | ||
| remez (pl. remazim) | רֶמֶז | ||
| reshut/reshus/r'shut/r'shus (pl. reshuyos/t) | רְשׁוּת \ רְשׁוּיוֹת | ||
| Reshus Harabim/reshus harabim | |||
| Reshus HaYachid | |||
| retsifus/t | |||
| revi'is/revi'it/reviis/reviïs | |||
| ribbis/ribbit | ribith | (of a loan) interest | רִיבִּית |
| rimon (pl. rimonim) | |||
| Rishon/rishon (pl. Rishonim) | |||
| rishus/rish'us/rish'ut | (noun)(count.) malicious act or behaviour; maliciousness, cruelness | רִשְׁעוּת | |
| rodef | |||
| Rosh Chodesh | |||
| Rosh Hashanah | |||
| roshe tevot/roshei teivos | |||
| roshem | |||
| rov/ruv | |||
| rov² (yesh., rel.: roiv) | |||
| Ruach Hakodesh/ruach hakodesh | |||
| ruchniyus/ruchniyut | ruḥâniẏuth | רוּחָנִיּוּת | |
| S'feika/Sfeika d'Yoma | |||
| s'hitah/s'chita | סְחִיטָה | ||
| saba | grandpa | ||
| safek (pl. s'feikos/t ("sfeikes")) | |||
| sakanah (pl. sakanos/t) | danger | ||
| Sakanos Nefashos/sakanos nefashos/sakanat nefashot | mortal danger | ||
| Sam Hamavet/sam haMaves/sam hamoves | סַם הַמָוֶת | ||
| sandek/sandak | sanḋâq | person honored at a Jewish brit milah (circumcision) ceremony, to hold the baby boy on the knees or thighs while the mohel performs the brit milah, or by handing the baby to the mohel; compare: kvater | סַנְדָּק |
| Sanhedrin | |||
| sason vesimcha/v'simcha | |||
| Satan (HaMashchis) | Śâṭân Hamashḥith | Satan (the Destroyer) | שָׂטָן (הַמַשְׁחִית) |
| savlanus/savlanut | |||
| Savorah (pl. Savoraim) | |||
| savta | grandma | ||
| schach/skhakh | סְכָךְ | ||
| schar/skhar/s'char/s'khar / skha'ar/scha'ar/skhaar/schaar/s'cha'ar/s'kha'ar | śâkhâr | reward, often referring to heavenly reward ● skhaar v'onesh: reward and punishment | שָׂכָר |
| schlep/shlep | |||
| schnorrer | |||
| schnorring | |||
| sechel hayashar | straight-thinking mind | ||
| sechel/seichel | brain | ||
| seder (pl. sedarim) | |||
| Seder Erev/seder erev | |||
| seder hayom | |||
| Sedrah/sedra (pl. sedros/t) | |||
| Sefardi/Sephardi/Sepharadi (pl. Sephardim) | |||
| sefer (pl. sefarim) | Jewish religious book | ||
| Sefer Torah (pl. Sifrei Torah) | Torah scroll | ||
| Sefirah/Sephirah | |||
| Sefiras HaOmer/Sefirat Ha'omer | |||
| Sefiros/Sephirot | |||
| segulah (pl. segulos/t) | |||
| Selichos/Selichot | |||
| semicha/Semicha/semichah/smicha | |||
| Seudas Hamafsekes/Seudat Hamafseket | Seʿudath/Seʿuḓath Haṁaphseqeth | סְעוּדַת הַמַּפְסֶקֶת | |
| Seudas Havra'ah/Seudat Havra'ah | Seʿuḋath/Seʿuḓath Haḇrâʾâh | סְעוּדַּת הַבְרָאָה | |
| Seudas Hoda'ah/Seudat Hoda'ah | |||
| Seudas Mitzvah/Seudat Mitzvah | |||
| Seudas Preidah/Seudat Preidah | סְעוּדַת פְּרֵידָה | ||
| Seudas Shlishis/Seudat Shelishit | |||
| sh'ein kamohu | |||
| sh'vach v'hoda'a | |||
| sha | |||
| sha'atnez/shatnez/shatnes | |||
| Shabbat (pl. shabbatot) | Jewish sabbath ● "Shabbat shalom.": 'Have a good Sabbath.' | ||
| Shabbaton | |||
| Shabbos (pl. shabbasos) | (ashk) Jewish sabbath ● "Gut Shabbos.": 'Have a good Sabbath.' | ||
| Shabbos Chazon | |||
| Shabbos Chazzak/Chazak | Shabâth Ḥăẓaq | Shabbat on which the congregation completes the reading of one of the five books of the Torah | שַׁבָּת חֲזַק |
| Shabbos Chol Hamoed | |||
| Shabbos goy | |||
| Shabbos HaChodesh | |||
| Shabbos HaGadol | |||
| Shabbos Mevarchim | |||
| Shabbos Nachamu | |||
| Shabbos Parah | |||
| Shabbos Shekalim | |||
| Shabbos Shira | |||
| Shabbos Shuvah | |||
| Shabbos Zachor | |||
| Shabbos zeiger/Shabbos-zeiger | |||
| shach | chess | ||
| Shacharis/shachris/shachrit | |||
| shachein tov | good neighbour | ||
| Shaday/Shadai | one of God's names | ||
| shadchan/shadchante (pl. shadchanim/shadchantes) | matchmaker/female matchmaker | ||
| shadchanus/shadchanut | |||
| shaichus ("shayches") | |||
| shakran (pl. shakranim) | |||
| shaliach/shliach/shaliaḥ | shâliaḥ | 1. person fulfilling a task for someone else; agent, emissary, messenger 2. Chabad Shliach | שָלִיחַ |
| shalom | (lit. peace) 1. hello 2. one of the names of God | ||
| shalom bayis/bayit | |||
| Shalom/shalom aleichem | "Peace be upon you." | ||
| Shalosh Regalim | |||
| Shalosh Seudos/Shalosh-Seudos/shalosheudos (a.s.: shalushudis) | |||
| shalvah | |||
| shamash (shamesh) | 1. helper, usually in a synagogue 2. synonym of gabbai 3. personal attendant, valet | ||
| shames/shammes | (yiddish) helper ● shlak-shames [שׁלַק-שאַמעס[; person tasked with doing odd jobs | שאַמעס | |
| shanah rishonah | |||
| Shas/shas | ― | acronym standing for 'Shisha Sedarim' (the 6 orders of the Mishnah and Talmud) | ש״ס |
| Shavuos/Shavuot | |||
| shayach/shaïch | |||
| Shchutei Chutz/shchutei chutz | |||
| She'eno Yodea Lishol/she'eino yodeia lishol | |||
| She'ol/sheol | |||
| Shechinah/shechina | Shekhinâh | שְׁכִינָה | |
| shechitah | (ritual) slaughter | ||
| shecht | (of an animal) to slaughter | ||
| Shed/shed/shayd/shaid (pl. shaydim) | |||
| shefa, bracha, vehatzlacha | |||
| shefah/shefa | |||
| shefele | |||
| Shehakol | |||
| Shehecheyanu | |||
| sheilah/shailah (pl. sheilos/t) | question | שְׁאֵלָה | |
| Sheimos/shaimos/sheymos/sheymes | |||
| sheitel/shaitel (pl. sheitelach/sheitels) | (yid) wig ● sheitelmacher: person that designs/styles wigs | ||
| sheker | |||
| sheleimah/shleimah | |||
| Shem Hashem | |||
| Shem Hava'ayah | |||
| shem/sheim (pl. shemos/t) | |||
| Shema/Shema Yisrael | |||
| Shemini Atzeret/Shmini Atzeres | Shmini/Shemini ʿĂṣ́ereth | ʿĂṣ́ereṱ | (lit. 'Eighth Day of Assembly') Jewish holiday immediately following Sukkot, marked by the prayer for rain and celebrating the conclusion of the Torah (weekly reading tradition whereby the final reading takes place on this holiday) | שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת |
| shemirah/shmirah/shmira (pl. shmiros/t) | |||
| Shemirah/Shmirah/Shmira² | |||
| shemittah/shemita/shmita | |||
| Shemos/shemot | |||
| shep nachas | |||
| sheretz (pl. sheratzim) | |||
| shetach (pl. shetachim) | |||
| Sheva Brachos/Brachot | שֶׁבַע בְּרָכוֹת | ||
| Sheva yipol tzaddik, v'kam | Sheḇaʿ yipol ṣaḋiq w̠âqâm | "a Tzaddik falls sevens times and (yet) gets up (again); (paraphrased) quote from Tanakh (Mishlei 24:16) | שֶׁבַע יִפּוֹל צַדִּיק וָקָם |
| Shevarim/shevarim | |||
| shevuah/shvuah/shvua (pl. shvuot/s) | |||
| sheyichye | |||
| sheʾifos/sheʾifot | |||
| shfichas damim/shfihat damim | Shephikhath ḋâmim | שְׁפִיכַת דָּמִים | |
| shidduch (pl. shidduchim) | |||
| shiflus/shiflut | meekness, feeling of lowlyness (as a result of being humbled by sth) compare: anavah | שִׁפְלוּת | |
| Shifra u'Puah/shifra u'puah | |||
| Shikchah/shikcha | Shikheḥâh/Ṧikheḥâh | שִׁכְחָה\שִּׁכְחָה | |
| shikhvat/shichvas zera levatala | שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע לְבָטָלָה | ||
| shiksa | שִיקסעֶ | ||
| Shiluach hakan/ha'ken | |||
| shimush | everything related to the servicing of a person or synagogue; see: shamesh | ||
| Shira | |||
| Shisho/Shisha Sidrei Mishnah | |||
| shita (pl. shitas) | standpoint, viewpoint | ||
| shitas/shitat/shita's/shita't | standpoint of * | ||
| shiur (pl. shiurim) | שִׁעוּר \ שִׁעוּרִים | ||
| shiur chazarah | |||
| shivah | |||
| Shivah/Shiva Asar beTamuz/b'Tamuz | Shiḇʿâh âśâr bethaṁuẓ/bataṁuẓ | \שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּתַמּוּז שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בַּתַּמּוּז | |
| Shivas Haminim/shivat haminin | |||
| Shkiah | |||
| Shkias Hachamah | |||
| shkoach/shkoiyach | |||
| shl'mazel | |||
| shlach manos | short for Mishloach Manos | ||
| shliach (pl. shluchim) | shâliaḥ | alt. spelling of shaliach | שָלִיחַ |
| Shliach-Tzibbur/Shliach Tsibbur | |||
| shlisel-challah | |||
| Shloshet/Shloshes Yemei Hagbalah | שְׁלֹשֶׁת יְמֵי הַגְּבָּלָה | ||
| Shloshim/shloshim | |||
| shmad | |||
| shmatte | |||
| Shmiras Einayim/Shmirat Einayim | |||
| Shmiras HaLashon/Shmirat HaLashon | |||
| Shmittas karka | |||
| Shmoneh Esreh/Shmonei Esrei | שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה | ||
| shmooze/shmoozing | |||
| Shmura/shmura (matzah) | |||
| shmuz/shmuess | |||
| Shnayim Mikra v'Echad Targum | |||
| shnur/shnier | (yiddish) daughter in law | שׁנוּר | |
| shochet (n) (pl. shochtim) | person that slaughters animals for meat according to religious Jewish law; butcher; slaughterer | ||
| Shochet² (v) | slaughtering; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | שוחט | |
| shoel umeishiv | |||
| shogeg/shoggeg/shogeig (pl. shogegim) | |||
| shomer negiah | |||
| Shomer Shabbos (pl. shomrei Shabbos) | |||
| Shomer Torah u'Mitzvos/Mitzvot | |||
| Shovavim | |||
| shtaar (pl. shtaros/t) | |||
| shtender | |||
| shtiebl (pl. shtieblach) | |||
| shuk | market(place) | שׁוּק | |
| shul | synagogue | ||
| Shulchan Aruch Harav ('haw'rahv') | |||
| Shulchan Arukh/Aruch | שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך | ||
| Shulchan Orech/Oreich | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | שֻׁלְחָן עוֹרֵךְ | |
| Shushan Purim | |||
| shutaf (pl. shutfim) | |||
| shutfos/shutfes | |||
| shvegerin | (yiddish) sister in law | ||
| shver | (yiddish) father in law | ||
| shvigger | (yiddish) mother in law | ||
| shvugger | (yiddish) brother in law | ||
| siba | |||
| sicha (pl. sichos/t) | |||
| siddur (pl. siddurim) | |||
| sikkum (pl. sikumim) | |||
| siman (pl. simanim) | sign | ||
| simanim | 1. plural of siman; "The Simanim": the 14/15 orders of the Passover-Seder | ||
| simcha (pl. simchos/t) | 1. happiness 2. | ||
| Simchas Beis Hasho'evah/Simchat Beth Hasho'evah | |||
| simchas hachaim | joy of life | ||
| Simchat/Simchas Torah | (in chutz la'aretz) day after Shmini Atseres | ||
| sinas chinam | |||
| Sitra Achra | |||
| siyata dishmaya | |||
| siyum (pl. siyumim) | סִיוּם \ סִיוּמִים | ||
| Siyum HaShas | ― | ||
| skilah/skila/skīla | sqilâh/sqīlâh | (death by) stoning | |
| socher (pl. sochrim) | |||
| Sod/sod | 1. [Sod] 2. [sod] secret | סוֹד | |
| sof sof | |||
| sofer (pl. sofrim) | |||
| somech/someich | |||
| Soser/Soseir/Soter | demolishing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | סותר | |
| Sotah/sotah (pl. sotos/t) | סוֹטָה \ סוֹטוֹת | ||
| sreifah/sreifa | 1. (death by) burning 2. (count.)(noun) burning ● Sreifas chametz: burning of chametz on Erev Pesach | ||
| sugya (pl. sugyos/t) | |||
| Sukkos/Sukkot | |||
| svara (pl. svaros/t) | |||
| Syog/S'yog | ● "Syog l'chochmah shtikah": | ||
| T'kyo/tekio | |||
| t'nai/tnai (pl. t'naim) | |||
| T'naim/t'naim | |||
| ta'am/taam | |||
| ta'anis/ta'anit/taanis ((ashk.) o.p.a.: "Taanes") (pl. taaneisim) | |||
| ta'amei/taamei hamikrah | |||
| Taanes | ṭeʿânoth | complaints | (טַיינעֶס :yiddish) טְעָנוֹת |
| Taanis Esther | |||
| taavah (pl. taavos/t) | |||
| Tachanun/Takhanun/tachanun | |||
| tachen/tochein | grinding; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | טוחן | |
| tachlis/tachlit | |||
| tachrichim/tachrichin | takhrikhim/takhrikhin | burial shrouds | תַּכְרִיכִים\תַּכְרִיכִין |
| tachus/tochus/tuches | butt | ||
| tafkid | purpose, function | תַּפְקִיד | |
| Taharah/taharah | |||
| taharas hamishpachah | |||
| Taharos/Taharot | |||
| tahor | |||
| takanah (pl. takanos/t) | |||
| Tallit/tallis (pl. taleitim/taleisim) | |||
| talmid (pl. talmidim) | student | ||
| Talmid Chacham/talmid chacham (pl. Talmidei chachamim) | |||
| Talmid muvhak | תַּלְמִיד מֻבְהָק (תלמיד מובהק) | ||
| Talmud Bavli | the Babylonian Talmud | ||
| Talmud Yerushalmi | the Jerusalem Talmud | ||
| talmud/Talmud Torah | study of Torah (Torah study) ● Talmud Torah q'neged kulam (תַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כְּנֶגֶד כּוּלָּם): Torah study is as valuable as fulfilling all other commandments | ||
| tam | |||
| tamei | ṭâmēʾ | (ritualistically or spiritually) impure | טָמֵא |
| tamim | |||
| Tanakh/Tanach | Tanakh | the Hebrew Bible; acronym of Torah, Nevi'im, Kesuvim (תּוֹרָה, נְבִיאִים, כְּתוּבִים) (Pentateuch, Prophets, and Writings) | תַּנַ״ךְ |
| Tanchumin/tanchumin | |||
| Tannah/Tanna (pl. Tannaim/Tannaïm) | (Talmudic) Sage | ||
| tashlumin | |||
| Tchum Shabbos/Techum Shabbat | |||
| Techeles/techelet | |||
| Techias Hamesim/Techiat Hametim (techias hamesim) | Teḥiẏath Haṁēthim/Haṁēṱim | resurrecion of the dead | תְּחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים |
| tefach/tefah (pl. tefachim) | ṭephaḥ | (biblical measurements) width of the palm of an adult hand; handbreadth | טֶפַח |
| tefillah (pl. tefillos/t) | |||
| Tefillat/Tefillas Haderech | |||
| Tefillin/tefillin | |||
| Tehillim | |||
| tekufa (pl. tekufos/t) | |||
| Temani/Teymani/Teimani (pl. Temanim) | (Hebrew) Yemenite person | ||
| teretz (pl. tirutzim) | |||
| Terua/terua | |||
| Terumah/terumah (pl. terumos/t) | |||
| Terumos/Maasros | terumot/maasrot | |||
| Teshuvah/teshuvah | |||
| teva | |||
| Tevel/tevel | |||
| Tevilah/tevillah/tvilah (pl. tvilos/t) | |||
| tichel (pl. tichelach) | |||
| Tiferes/Tiferet/Tipheret | Tiphereth/Tiphereṱ | one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing harmony and compassion | תִּפְאֶרֶת |
| tikkun (pl. tikkunim) | |||
| Tikkun Chatzos/Chatzot | Tiq̇un Ḥaṣâth/Ḥaṣâṱ | תִּקּוּן חֲצוֹת | |
| Tikkun/Tikun Ha'olam/Ha'Olam/Olam | |||
| tipshus | |||
| Tircha d'Tziburah / tirchah/tirche/tircha d'tzibura/tzibburah ('tirche d'tzibure') | ● mishum tirche d'tzibura | ||
| Tisch | |||
| Tishah/Tisha b'Av | תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב | ||
| Tizku lemitzvos | |||
| to'im | |||
| Tochacha | |||
| Tofer | sewing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | תופר | |
| tohu v'vohu | |||
| Torah | Torâh | 1. the Pentateuch; first five books of the Jewish Bible 2. the (enntire) Jewish Bible; Tanakh (in Christianity: the Old Testament) 3. (in Orthodox Judaism) all of Jewish religious law, including the Talmud ● Kol Hatorah Kulah (כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ); the entire Torah (in it's entirety) | תּוֹרָה |
| Torah sheba'al/she'be'al/she'b'al Peh | the Oral Law | תוֹרָה\תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה | |
| Torah Shebichsav | |||
| Tosfot Yomtov/tosfos yomtov | |||
| Toveh | spinning; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | ||
| tovel | |||
| treif | |||
| tropp'n | |||
| tsaar/tsa'ar | |||
| Tsa'ar/tsaar ba'alei chaim | |||
| Tsaar Gidul Banim | |||
| tsaraas/tzara'as/tzara'at | |||
| Tsaros/tsarot (chs: "tsures") | (pl. of tsarah) troubles; afflictions | ||
| tseida/tzeida laderech | ṣedâ/ṣeḓâ laḋerekh | צֵידָה לַדֶּרֶךְ | |
| Tset/Tzeis Hakochavim | |||
| Tsoveya/Tzovea | dyeing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | צובע | |
| Tsurah/Tzurah (pl. tzuros/t) | |||
| Tu b'Av | |||
| Tu b'Sh'vat/Tu Bishvat | |||
| tumah | (ritualistic or spiritual) impureness ● Koach HaTumah (כּוֹחַ הַטּוּמְאָה) lit. 'force of impurity': in Jewish thought and mysticism, 'Koach HaTumah' is the spiritual force or spiritual energies associated with impurity and evil | ||
| Tumat Met/Tumas Meis | |||
| Tur | |||
| Tzad | trapping; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | צד | |
| Tzaddik/tsaddik (pl. tzaddikim) | |||
| Tzaddik gamur | |||
| Tzaddik Yesod Olam | |||
| Tzadokim (=Zadokim) | Saduccees | ||
| tzafon/tsafon | (the) north | ||
| Tzafun/Tsafun | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | צָפוּן | |
| Tzedakah pushke | |||
| Tzedakah/tzedakah//tzedaka | |||
| tzeischem l'shalom | |||
| Tzelem Elohim/Tselem Elohim (c: Tselem Elokim) | |||
| Tzeva'os (cv: Tsevakos) | one of the names of God | ||
| tzibbur | צִבּוּר | ||
| tzind/tsind | to tzind/tsind = to light | ||
| Tzitz/Tzits | Ṣiṣ | Priestly headplate; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | צִיץ |
| Tzitzis/tzitzit | צִיצִית | ||
| tziyun | |||
| tznius/tzniut | |||
| Tzur/Zur Yisrael | |||
| umos ha'olam | |||
| upsher'n/upsheren | |||
| Urim v'Tumim | |||
| Ushpizin/ushpizin | |||
| va'ad/vaad (pl. vaadim) | |||
| vasikin | |||
| Vayikrah | |||
| venahafoch hu/v'nahafoch hu/venahapoch hu (s.p. 'v'naafoch hu') | w̠enahaphokh hu | (lit. "and it was turned around"), quote from Megillat Esther used to urge people to behave abnormally on the festival of Purim | וְנַהֲפוֹךְ הוּא |
| veses/vesses/vesset | w̠eseth | menstruation | וֶסֶת |
| Viduy | |||
| vort (pl. vertlech) | 1. (lit.) word ● "a gut vort" (lit.: a good word); aphorism 2. synonym of Dvar Torah | ||
| Yachatz | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | יַחַץ | |
| Yah (cv: Kah) | one of the names of God | ||
| Yahrtzeit/yahrtzeit/yohrtseyt/yortseit | anniversary of a person's death | ||
| Yamim Noraim (Yomim Noraim) | |||
| Yamim Tovim/Yamim-Tovim/Yomim Tovim/yamim tovim | Yâmim Ṭoḇim | plural of Yom-tov | |
| Yarchei Kallah | |||
| yarmulkah/yarmulka/yarmulke/yamaka | |||
| yasher koach/koi'ach | |||
| yasom (pl. yasomim) | male orphan | ||
| yasomah/yesomah (pl. yesomot/s) | female orphan | ||
| yayin | wine | ||
| Yayin nesech | |||
| Yedid (pl. yedidim) | |||
| Yehovah/Jehovah (Yad Heh, Vav Heh) | (one of) the holiest version(s) of God's name; the god of The Torah/Bible | ||
| Yekke/yekke | |||
| Yemot/Yemos HaMoshiach | |||
| yente | |||
| Yerei Shamayim/yerei shamayim (pl. yereiïm/yereiim shamayim) | |||
| yerusha (pl. yerushos/t) | |||
| Yeshivah/yeshiva (pl. yeshivos/t) | |||
| Yeshivish/yeshivish | |||
| Yeshuas Hashem k'heref ayin | יְשׁוּעַת ה׳ כְּהֶרֶף עָיִן | ||
| yesod (pl. yesodos/t) | 1. foundation (e.g. of a building) 2. basis of a person's belief/convictions; foundational argument; foundational point 3. Yesod: one of the ten Sefirot (emanations of God) in the Tree of Life in Kabbalah, representing the fundamental principles of existence and the underlying structure of the universe | יְסוֹד | |
| Yetser Hora/yetzer hora | bad inclination | ||
| Yetzer Tov/yetzer tov | good inclination | ||
| Yetziat Neshamah/Yetzias Neshama | |||
| Yetziat/Yetzias Mitzrayim | |||
| yetzirah/yetsirah (pl. yetsiros/t) | |||
| yevamah (pl. yevamot/s) | |||
| Yevamos/Yevamot | |||
| Yevanim | "the Yevanim" = the Greek (normally referring to the Seleucids during the Second Temple period) | ||
| Yibum/yibum | יבום | ||
| Yichud/yichud | |||
| Yichud/yichud shtiebl | |||
| yichus | yiḥus | lineage, ancestry | יִחוּס |
| Yiddishkeit | |||
| Yiras/yiras Hashem | |||
| Yiras Shamayim | fear of heaven | ||
| yishuv hada'as/hada'at (o.p. "yishuv daas") | |||
| Yisrael | (the Land of) Israel; the people (of) Israel (i.e. Jewish people) | ||
| Yissachar-Zevulun / Yissachar/Zevulun | |||
| yissurim | |||
| Yizkor | |||
| Yom HaDin | lit. 'Day of Judgement'; alternative name of Yom Kippur | ||
| Yom Kippur | |||
| Yom Tov/Yom-Tov/yom-tov/yomtov/YomTov (also spelled: yontif/yontiff/yuntiff) | YomṬoḇ | (pl. Yamim-Tovim)(lit. good day) (most) Jewish holiday(s) ● "Gut Yomtov", "Good Yom-Tov": 'Have a good yomtov.' | |
| Yoreh De'ah | |||
| Yosef shpiel | |||
| Yotzeh min haKlal | |||
| yotzeh/yotseh | |||
| Yovel | |||
| Yud-Gimmel Ikrim | |||
| Yud-Gimmel Middos/Middot | |||
| zachar (pl. zecharim) | |||
| Zadokim | Saduccees | ||
| Zav (zov) | |||
| zechut/zchus (pl. zechusim) | (the) merit | ||
| Zeh Eili v'Anvehu (cv: Zeh Keili v'Anvehu) | |||
| zeidi | grandpa | ||
| zemirot/zmiros | |||
| Zeraim | |||
| Zerizin Makdimin l'Mitzvos/Mitzvot | |||
| zerizus | |||
| zilzul | |||
| Zimmun/zimmun | |||
| zivug (pl. zivugim) | |||
| zivug sheini | |||
| zman | 1. time 2. period of time (pl. zmanim) 3. ((the) Zman) period(s) when Yeshivas are active and attendance is mandatory (for those enrolled) | ||
| znus/znut | זְנוּת | ||
| zoche/zoiche | |||
| Zom Gedaliah/Tzom Gedaliah | Ṣom Ġedalẏâh/Ġeḓalẏâh | Fast day commemorating Gedaliah's assassination, observed on the third day of Tishrei, following Rosh Hashanah | צוֹם גְּדַלְיָּה |
| zonah/zoneh (pl. zonos/t) | adulteress | ||
| zonein (pl. zonenim) | adulterer | ||
| Zoreah | planting; sowing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | זורע | |
| Zoreh | winnowing; 1 of the 39 melachos of Shabbat | זורה | |
| Zug (pl. Zugos/Zugot) |
Bibliography[edit]
- Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
- Babylonian Mishna.
- Jerusalem Mishna.
- Babylonian Talmud.
- Jerusalem Talmud.
- ben Asher, Yaakov (1475). – via Wikisource.
- Karo, Yosef (1565). – via Wikisource.
- Isserles, Moses (1578). – via Wikisource.
- "hebrew-academy.org.il". hebrew-academy.org.il. Academy of the Hebrew Language. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
- Klein, Ernest, ed. (January 1987) [October 1965]. "A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary Of The Hebrew Language For Readers Of English". Klein Dictionary. Carta Jerusalem. ISBN 965-220-093-X.
- "yiddish.english-dictionary.help". english-dictionary.help. BD WORD. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
- "yiddishwordoftheweek.tumblr.com". tumblr.com. Retrieved May 29, 2024.