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Draft:Ali Batı Rebellion

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Ali Batı Rebellion
Part of Timeline of Kurdish uprisings and Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence

Location of Mardin Province in Turkish borders
Date11 May - 18 August 1919
Location
Today‘s Mardin Province
Result

Turkish Victory

  • Rebellion supressed
  • Ali Batı and many of his men executed
Belligerents

Ali Batı and his companions

  • Neighbouring Kurdish Tribes

Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders
Ali Batı
Hacoyê Haco
Şemxûn Ağa
Xortik Beg		 Enver Pasha
Shevket Turgut Pasha
Strength
Hundreds of Men Unknown
Casualties and losses
Around 100, majority captured or escaped Unkown

The Ali Batı Rebellion, was a Kurdish uprising in the Ottoman Empire around the towns of Nusaybin to Midyat and Savur from 11 May - 18 August 1919.[1][2][3]

Background[edit]

With the rise of nationalism in the Middle East, Ali Batı opposed an independent Kurdish State with the help of the colonial powers. Ali Batı was a tribal leader, born in Midyat, who had often ridden himself and his tribe into conflicts with the Ottoman government between 1913 and 1919.[4] Finally, on May 11, 1919, he and other leaders like Hacoyê Haco, Şemxûn Ağa and Xortig Beg of the Hacî tribe organized the rebellion starting from Nusaybin.[1][3]

The Rebellion[edit]

According to Turkish sources, Ali Batı came to Nusaybin on May 11 with 100 armed men under his command.[1] Meanwhile, the number of combatants of the Government forces in Nusaybin did not exceed 100 people.[2] Upon hearing of the incident, the forces sent by the Turkish 5th Division Command on the evening of May 12, 1919 which were as follows under the command of Yusuf Ziya Bey, the 3rd Battalion Commander of the 14th Regiment, the 3rd Company of the 1st Cavalry Regiment in Mardin, about 70 infantrymen on mules from the 14th Regiment, 25 companies of the 24th Regiment in Derbesiye, with a force consisting of one machine gun.[1][5] In the encrypted telegram sent by Deputy Governor Mustafa Nadir to the Ministry of Internal Affairs on May 14, 1919, it was stated that approximately 150 retail regular forces gathered by the 5th Division Commander in Mardin were dispatched to Ali Batı and the result would be announced separately. Responding to this on May 18, the Ministry of Internal Affairs stated that it was necessary to capture Ali Batı.[6][7]

In the long telegram sent by Deputy Governor Mustafa Nadir of Diyarbakır to the Ministry of Internal Affairs on 22 May 1919, the following information was given about the details of the incident:[2] Ali Batı came to Nusaybin with about 300 armed men.[1] He had 3 prisoners evacuated here, but for some reason the Regiment Commander there remained silent. As soon as Ali Batı arrived in Nusaybin, he asked for money from the people and the merchants and bought goods for his street from the shops in the town without paying any fee. Nusaybin District Governor requested to prevent this, but the Regiment Commander remained inactive.[6][8] The cavalry and infantry reinforcement unit sent by the Division Commander from Mardin surrounded the town.[9] Thereupon, Ali Batı became alarmed and threatened to burn the town and commit a massacre if any action was taken against him.[9][10] Ali Batı wanted to kill them, but they were saved with the intercession of the owner of the house.[6] Then, Ali Batı and his men passed 400 meters away from the cannon and 2 machine guns in front of the barracks.[1] After the request of the officers and the District Governor to open fire on the escaping bandit was rejected by the Regiment Commander, Ali Batı easily retreated to the mountains.[5] In the following days, Ali Batı's men continued their threats by firing into the town at night.[8] The Deputy Governor gave strict instructions to the Governorate and the Corps for the capture of Ali Batı and had to resort to extraordinary measures to ensure the security of the region. In this context, he wanted the order to increase the reward of 100 to 200 liras, which was requested on May 17, 1919, for the capture of Ali Batı, dead or alive, to be accelerated.[6][11]

On the other hand, the forces under the command of Commandeur Yusuf Ziya Bey, who were dispatched from Mardin to Nusaybin, encountered about 20 bandits who were supporters of Ali Batı near the village of Harapkurt.[2] Most of them were killed in the conflict and a few escaped. Yusuf Ziya Bey was also injured.[1] In the report dated 18 May 1919 sent to the Ministry of Internal Affairs from Diyarbakır Province about the incident, it was reported that 13 soldiers were killed and one was captured alive during the conflict.[6][9][10]

Realizing that he could not stay in the Nusaybin region as a result of the pressure of the military prosecution, Ali Batı moved to the south of Midyat with his forces.[9]

After Ali Batı retreated to the south of Midyat, the 5th Division Commander gave the necessary orders to the 6th Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Division in Midyat and allocated the forces in Nusaybin to this service.[5] The 200-man 6th Infantry Regiment had one mountain gun and four heavy machine guns. In addition, approximately 800 forces were provided from the local people.[12] The forces dispatched from Nusaybin also advanced north.[12] Starting from June 4, 1919, violent clashes with the rebels began in Mekre village, southwest of Midyat, and after a 7-hour battle and victory over the town, the rebels lost around 40 men and the same number of injured.[1]

On June 18, 1919, Minister of War Shevket Turgut Pasha gave the following answers to the letter of the Ministry of Internal Affairs dated May 27:[2] The regiment commander, who was understood to be reckless in removing Ali Batı from Nusaybin and capturing him, was sent to Diyarbakır for punishment. The prosecution of Ali Batı has begun and clashes have been going on with about 500 armed men for a week. Everything possible is being done by the 13th Corps to ensure security.[13] In order not to give the impression that the regional security is complicated and the Corps is helpless in the eyes of the Allied Powers, it would be useful to give orders to the necessary places for the civilian authority and gendarmerie to assist the Corps in ensuring security.[6][8]

On August 18, 1919, Ali Batı and his troops were defeated and executed around the city of Midyat.[1][2]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Karaca, Taha Niyazi (2004-06-01). "Milli Mücadele'de Bozkır İsyanları". Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 1 (16): 169–190. ISSN 1300-1582.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Kurtuluş Mücadelesinde İç İsyanlar". MEDYA KEŞAN (in Turkish). 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  3. ^ a b "Osmanlı'dan bugüne isyanlar". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  4. ^ Üzen, İsmet (2006). "Mütareke Döneminde Bir Eşkiyalık Örneği: Ali Batı Olayı (6 Mayıs - 18 Ağustos 1919)". Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. 22 (64): 329–346. ISSN 1011-727X.
  5. ^ a b c "103 Yıl Önce Bugün". Burası Çanakkale (in Turkish). 2022-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-17.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Atatürk Döneminde Meydana Gelen Ayaklanmalar (1919-1938)". Atatürk Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  7. ^ "Milli Mücadelede Zararli Dernekler ve İsyanlar (1914-1921)". Yeniçağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  8. ^ a b c Yeşilbursa, Behçet Kemal (2020-06-20). "The Kurdish Uprisings in the Middle East: A Survey (1831-1979)". Journal of Anglo-Turkish Relations. 1 (2): 43–55. ISSN 2687-6396.
  9. ^ a b c d Üzen, İsmet (2006-11-05). "Mütareke Döneminde Bir Eşkiyalık Örneği: Ali Batı Olayı (6 Mayıs - 18 Ağustos 1919)". Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). 22 (64–65–66): 329–346. ISSN 1011-727X.
  10. ^ a b Arat, Yeşim; Pamuk, Şevket, eds. (2019), "The Kurdish Revolt: Nationalism and Ethnicity", Turkey between Democracy and Authoritarianism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 162–192, doi:10.1017/9781139022385.007, ISBN 978-0-521-13850-5, retrieved 2024-05-17
  11. ^ "Kurdish nationalism in the Middle East | CIA FOIA". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-17.
  12. ^ a b Olson, Robert W. (1989). The emergence of Kurdish nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925. University of Texas Press. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-0-292-77619-7.
  13. ^ Özoĝlu, Hakan (2004-02-12). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. SUNY Press. pp. 88–91. ISBN 978-0-7914-5993-5.

Further reading[edit]

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